01 umts intro ws11
TRANSCRIPT
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UMTS Netw orks
Graduate course in Computer Science
Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group
http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks
Winter Semester
Oliver Waldhorst
Jens Mckenheim
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UMTS Networks 2Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Course Motivation Why is this important?
Enormous growth in mobile communications
Enormous growth of Internet traffic
Transition from voice to data services Transition from pay-per-data to flat rates
Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world
Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology
Mobile/Wireless Internet
New applications and services
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UMTS Networks 3Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Convergence of Mobile Communication and the Internet
Millions
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2004: Internet access via mobileterminal will overtake Internetaccess via PCs
2004: Internet access via mobileterminal will overtake Internetaccess via PCs
2002: 500 million mobileswith Internet access
2002: 500 million mobileswith Internet access
PCs with Internet access
Mobile communication
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UMTS Networks 4Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Course Contents
Review of the basics of mobile communications Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE UMTS networks, including
- network architecture,
- network elements,- protocols and- service aspects
Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially
- the radio access network and- the core network Evolution towards the 4th generation
- High-speed Packet Data (HSPA),- Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Focus on network aspects rather than radio details
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UMTS Networks 5Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Course Objectives
Understand how UMTS networks work
Be able to navigate and understand UMTS standards
Understand why UMTS has been defined the way it is
Understanding of a real (non-trivial) integrated HW/SW system
Understand the evolution path towards and beyond UMTS
=> Understanding of the system from the system architects view
or: forget about the details as soon as you understand the whole
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UMTS Networks 6Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Working Method
Study of a real Telco system with its specific problems
Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study
of abstract problems
Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex system
Lots of discussion (hopefully)
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UMTS Networks 7Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Organisational Stuff
Lecture: first half of semester (meet twice a week)Seminar: second half of semester (individual studies and presentations)
Course prerequisites:
Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory)
Basics of Mobile Communications, e.g. Wireless Internet course(recommended)
Slides and additional information are provided at
http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks
Instructor contact:Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mckenheim
Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected]: 03677-69 2788 Phone: 03461-462107
Course budget: 28 hours (14 sessions a 2 hours)
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UMTS Networks 8Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Schedule
1 Introduction 11.10.2011
2 Basics of Wireless Transmissions
Media Access Schemes
Basic Functions of Mobile Systems
3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 18.10.2011
Protocol Engineering Basics, Standards
4 UMTS Architecture5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 25.10.2011
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)
6 UTRAN Procedures
7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 01.11.2011
UE Modes8 Mobility Management
Communication Management
9 Wideband CDMA Principles 08.11.2011
10 Radio Resource Management
11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 15.11.201112 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA), contd
13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 29.11.2011
14 LTE/SAE
Red topics are provided by Jens Mckenheim
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Introduction
Mobile Business and Services
Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications
Technical Trends
From 2G to 4G
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UMTS Networks 10Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
First Mobile Radio (1924) How it began...
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UMTS Networks 11Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
... And whats next?
Mobile TVVideo camera
Game consoleGPS device
Digital cameraMP3 player
Memory cardColor display
Portable radio
PDAFax
PagerPhone
A mobile phone today is a ...communication, entertainment, transaction & navigation center...
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UMTS Networks 12Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
3G Mobile Communication Systems: UMTS
New standard for mobile communication
Multi media
Ubiquitous communication
always on
Virtual home environment
Data communication
Selling licenses is a great
business model for the
secretary of finance
expensive hot air
New services
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UMTS Networks 13Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Mobile Networks in Germany 1950: isolated network coverage,
30MHz, 50MHz, 160Mhz,manual exchange/operator
1. Generation (analog)
1958-77: A-Netz 156-174 MHz,10.000 subs, manual exchange1972-94: B-Netz 146-156 MHz,27.000 subs, direct dialling
1986-00: C-Netz 451-466 MHz,Max. 800.000 subs,National Roaming
2. Generation (digital: GSM/GPRS)
since 1991: D-Netze 890-960MhzIntern. Roaming
since 1993:E-Netze 1710-1880MHz
Now: 81 Mio subscribers
3. Generation (digital: UMTS)
since 2004: UMTS 2100 MHz
Now: 15 Mio subscribers
Since commercial launch of 2nd generation GSM (1992): strong growth of subscribers,now: more than 100% penetration (of population)
Since commercial launch of 3rd generation UMTS (2004): today 15 mio subscribers, 15% is 3G
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
Dez
91
Dez
92
Dez
93
Dez
94
Dez
95
Dez
96
Dez
97
Dez
98
Dez
99
Dez
00
Dez
01
Dez
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Dez
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Dez
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Dez
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Dez
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Dez
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Dez
10
Dez
11
Dez
12
C-Netz
2G-GSM/GPRS
3G-UMTS/HSPA
Total Mobile Subscribers
as ofOct 2007:
subscribers
in
tho
usands
2007:
2007:
o
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UMTS Networks 14Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany
Totalrevenue
Average
revenue peruser (ARPU)
[US$m] [US$] [%]
Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0%
Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7%Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3%
Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1%
SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6%
MMS $260 $0.24 0.9%
Email $399 $0.37 1.4%
Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1%
Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2%
Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2%
Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6%
Games $263 $0.24 1.0%
Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6%
Music $59 $0.05 0.2%
Video $88 $0.08 0.3%
Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%
German Mobile Operators Revenue,estimates for 2007:more than 27 B$ = 21 B
o
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UMTS Networks 15Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology
Region Q2 2006 Q2 2007Q2 2007
(%)
World
Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%
GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%
UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%
UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%
TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%
PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%
iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%
Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%
cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%
CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%
The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006,GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,
with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion(source: www.gsacom.com).
o
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UMTS Networks 16Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
source: www.gsacom.com
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UMTS Networks 17Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Services:- Traditional Voice- Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging- Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet:
via dedicated access (Basic Release99)up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobilesup to 384 kb/s for low speed mobilesup to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users
via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7)up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s download
up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload
Spectral Efficiency: High
Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM
Physical characteristics:
Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps
around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)
UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
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UMTS Networks 18Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Why UMTS?
GSM (2nd generat ion) :
Optimized for circuit-switched voice
High delay (180 ms round-trip)
Small band, inflexible assignment of
data rates Low data rates
Suboptimal use of radio resources
(spectral efficiency)
Complicated RF planning(layout of frequency usage)
Standard set by Europe
Globally available,but not planned as such
UMTS (3rd generat ion) :
Focus on packet-switched data
Lower latency
Flexible assignment of spectrum
with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia
services
Higher capacity of radio system
Simplified RF engineering (nofrequency planning)
Worldwide agreed standard
Worldwide roaming by design
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UMTS Networks 19Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
What is 3GPP?
3GPP stands for 3rd
Generation Partnership Project 3GPP is a collaboration agreement, established in December 1998, toensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards
It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard developmentorganization)
These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transposethem to regional (Europe, NorthAmerica, Korea, Japan, China) standards
ITU references the regional standards
IMT-2000, IMT-Advanced see: www.3gpp.org
Japan
USA
S.KoreaEurope
China
o
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UMTS Networks 20Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
3GPP Members
Organizat ional Members:
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, Japan
ATISAlliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, USA CCSA China Communications Standards Association, China
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute, EU (France)
TTA Telecommunications Technology Association, S. Korea
TTC The Telecommunication Technology Committee, Japano
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UMTS Networks 21Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2008)
Version Released Info
Release 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating aCDMA air interface
Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added featuresincluding an all-IP Core Network
Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPARelease 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds
HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Pushto Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA)
Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements
to real-time applications like VoIP. This specificationwill also focus on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet AccessEvolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactlessfront-end interface (Near Field Communicationenabling operators to deliver contactless services likeMobile Payments), EDGE Evolution.
Release 8 2008 Q4 E-UTRA, All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes arefactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network.
Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTSInteroperability. Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-
Cell HSUPA.
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UMTS Networks 22Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Evolution of 3GPP Standards (Europe & Asia)
Release 9 9 Specs a re Func t iona l ly f r ozen in Mar ch
2 0 0 0
Essent ia l cor r ec t ions un t i l la te 2003
Release 4
Specs Fun c t iona l ly f rozen in March 200 1 Sm al l de l ta t o Release 99 Main feat ur es: TD-SCDMA, HSDPA
feasib i l i t y s t udy Release 5
Func t iona l l y f rozen in March 2002 & June2 0 0 2 .
co r rect ions un t i l l ate 200 4 Main fea tu res : HSDPA, I P-RAN, Netw ork
Shar in g , feasib i l i t y s t udy o f UTRANe v o lu t i o n , I M S
Release 6 Func t iona l ly f r ozen in Dec. 2004 Corr ec t ions st i l l ong o ing . Main f eatu res: MBMS, Enh anced UL DCH,
Rem ot e Elec t r ica l T i l t ing , Vo ice over I P, LTEStudy
Release 7 Specs a re Fun c t iona l ly f r ozen in Mar ch
2 0 0 6 . Main fea tu r es: MI MO, gam ing on I P,
Enh anced Push ov er Cel lu lar , Evolv ed- UTRA( LTE) f easib i l i t y s tud y . Sys tem Arch .Evo lu t ion ( SAE) St udy .
Release 8
Pub l i shed in Dec. 2007 / March 2008
Main feat ur es: HSPA+ , LTE ( E-UTRA) , SAE,
enhancem en ts fo r UMTS
GSMGSM
1989
GPRSGPRS
1997
Rel98
AMR
Rel98
AMR
1998
LTE(part of Rel 8)
LTE(part of Rel 8)
Dec 2007
Rel99UMTSRel99UMTS Rel5HSDPARel5HSDPA Rel6E-DCHRel6E-DCH Rel7MIMORel7MIMO Rel8Rel8
HSDPA
I P-RAN
N e t w o r kShar ing
Subscr iber
Trace
E-DCH
MBMS
V o I P
BF
Rel99EDGERel99EDGE
1999
Rel6SAICRel6SAIC
2004
Rel7Rel7
2006
HSPAEvolu t ion
M I M O
CPC
HoM
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
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UMTS Networks 23Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA)
2G t echnology:
CDMAone = IS-95
Beyond 3G technology:
was: EV-DO Rev.Cnow: UMB = Ultra MobileBroadband;
3G technology:
CDMA2000
EV-DO = Evolution-Data OptimizedEV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice
3GPP2 is the 3G partnership project to promote the US-driven 3G standards
family of cdma2000 in competition to W-CDMA/UMTS of 3GPPo
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UMTS Networks 24Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Roadmap
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is an US-based
international organization that sets industry standards,like 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wireless LAN
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UMTS Networks 25Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
3G Applications: Personal Lifestyle
always on IP:
at home,
on the move,
at work
messaging
audio broadcast
music
games
information
travel planning
shopping banking
stock trading
chat rooms
video streamingon demand
mobile TV
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UMTS Networks 26Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Applications: Location-based Services and Personalized Services
Locat ion-based Services
Position information
Emergency call
Advertisements
Tourist information
Maps and Route planning
Support for sales
Construction plans
Personalized Serv ices
Fast food, chinese, local food, vegetarian
Adaptive quality of video clips and graphics
Advertisements (yes/no/some)
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UMTS Networks 27Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Applications: Mobile Office
E-Mail & Unified Messaging Schedule Management
File & Database Access
Secure Internet Access
Corporate VPN
Route Planning
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UMTS Networks 28Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Applications: M-Commerce
Mobile Access to Information- travel updates and route descriptions
M-Commerce will provide people onthe move with:
Mobile Access to Entertainment- music and video-on-demand
Mobile Ordering/Reservation of Service- ticket purchase and hotel reservations
Mobile Financial Services
- stock trading and money transfers
Future revenue model is contentand advertisingdriven rather than airtime driven
For details on 3G revenue model see: J A Harmer and C D Friel: 3G products -
what will the technology enable? BT Technol J Vol 19 No 1 January 2001.
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UMTS Networks 29Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Applications: Push Services (e.g. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service)
Increased bandwidth and the evolution of the user interface will
make services like video streaming a reality
Mobile is starting to penetrate in conjunction with companies like CNN
Newspaper, TV, Radio
Mobile News Channel
immediate,
quick,selective,
personalized, ubiquitous
Traditional
One-t o-many is t he traditional domain of t he media companies
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UMTS Networks 30Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
New IP-based services can be created quickly...
... a simple example
Your PersonalVacationPlanner
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UMTS Networks 31Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
IMT
RAS
Class 4Switch
IPATM
IPATM
TrunkingGateway
Access
IP LAN
ACD
IPATM
AccessGateway
Web Server Web/Push Server
VideoWeb Server
SCP
SS7
DistributedNetwork
Controller
e- Tailer
CTIServer
Call Center
e-Shopper
DB
JavaApplet
GK
. . . but it is not as simple as it looks
o
2G t 3G E l ti GSM GPRS UMTS
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UMTS Networks 32Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GSM
RAN
Base station
Base station
controller
Base station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core(Circuitswitched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM basedtransport
GSM
2G t 3G E l ti GSM GPRS UMTS
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UMTS Networks 33Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core(PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSM
RAN
Base station
Base station
controller
Base station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core(Circuitswitched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM basedtransport
GSM+GPRS
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM GPRS UMTS
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UMTS Networks 34Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core(PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSM
RAN
Base station
Base station
controller
Base station
Base station
UTRAN
Radio networkcontroller
Base stationBase station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core(Circuitswitched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM basedtransport
GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM GPRS UMTS
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UMTS Networks 35Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core(PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSM
RAN
Base station
Base station
controller
Base station
Base station
UTRAN
Radio networkcontroller
Base stationBase station
Base station
IP basedtransport
3G Core
GERAN
GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS
IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)
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UMTS Networks 36Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)
PSTN
PDN
Media
Gateway
MGWControl
SessionControl
Services
Common
MultimediaService Network (IMS)
Access
Proxy
BTS BSC/RNCMSC/
SGSN/GGSNUEUE
GSM/GPRS RAN(GERAN)
CommonIP
CoreNetwork
NodeB RNC
SGSN/
GGSN IP RouterUEUE
UMTS/HSPA RAN
UEUE
802.11 WiFi802.16 WiMax
AG
Service and Core Architecture is Access Agnostic
AGFWGGSN
PDNRANSGSN
Access GatewayFirewallGateway GPRS Serving
NodePacket Data NetworkRadio Access NetworkServing GPRS ServingNodeFW
UESIP phone
Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc
o
Technical Perspectives: Radio Access Technologies
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UMTS Networks 37Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
Technical Perspectives: Radio Access Technologies
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
1996 1998 2000 2002 2006
product date
Maxda
tarate(Mbps)
Local Area WLAN Wide Area Cellular Personal Area Networks
802.11
HIPERLAN/1 802.11b
HIPERLAN/2
802.11a
Application space
Video data rate
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
Voice
Text Messaging
Still Imaging
Audio Streaming
Video Streaming
Ubiquitous TVInfotainment
Virtual Homes
High Speed Internet
PAN/LAN Convergence
Bluetooth
HomeRF
HIPERPAN
2.4GHz
5GHz
60GHz
802.16
802.20
HSDPA
802.11n
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration
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UMTS Networks 38Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration
Wireless
IPSociety
S-UMTSSatellite
Broadband
DVB-SDVB-T
DAB
GSMGPRS/EDGE
DECTIR
BroadbandW-LAN
UMTS
Satellite/HAPS
Broadcasting
Cellular
Indoor
MBS 40 xMDS
BroadbandWFA
Wireless Local Loop
Body LANs
PersonalArea Networks
UMTS ++
4th Generation
Local Area NetworksMBS 60 MWS
Bluetooth
Quasi-Cellular
o
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration
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UMTS Networks 39Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration
Services andapplications
IP based core network
IMT-2000UMTS
WLAN
type
cellular
GSM
short range
connectivity
Wireline
xDSL
other
entities
DABDVB
return channel:
e.g. GSM
download channel
New radio
interface
o
4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration
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UMTS Networks 40Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration
distribution layer
cellular layer
hot spot layer WLAN
DAB and/or DVB
2G: e.g.GSM
IMT-2000UMTS
personal network layer
XX X X X X X X XX X X Xfixed(wired) layer
full coverage
global access full mobility not necessaryindividual links
full coverageand hot spots
global roaming full mobility individual links
local coverage hot spots
global roaming local mobility individual links
short rangecommunication(e.g. Bluetooth, DECT)
global roaming individual links
no mobility global roaming individual links
horizontal handover within a system verticalhandover between systems
possible returnchannels
o
ITUs IMT-Advanced: the standards way to 4G
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UMTS Networks 41Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
ITU s IMT Advanced: the standards way to 4G
We will come back to the 3G/UMTS evolution path later on !
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5G: Interplanetary Internet
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UMTS Networks 42Oliver Waldhorst, Jens Mckenheim 11 October 2011
5G: Interplanetary Internet
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Summary of the Evolution Path (European View)
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1G: Analog systems
2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system
FDMA, TDMA, FDD
circuit-switched voice (voice service)
SMS
global roaming
2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data
IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network
multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network
SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management
QoS: best effort
still ongoing efforts
EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation)
GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks
3G (UMTS): packet-switched data
...
Summary of the Evolution Path (contd)
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2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system
2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data
3G (UMTS): packet-switched data
CDMA-FDD/TDD
predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support
seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common Ip-based service architecture (IMS)
4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN,
BAN) use of the optimal radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput,
error rate, emission) IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)
Important Readings
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Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility
and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005
Walke, Althoff, Seidenberg: UMTS Ein Kurs. J. Schlembach Fachverlag, 2001
Schiller: Mobile Communications (German and English), 2nd ed, Addison-Wesley, 2003
Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Ahonen, Barrett: Services for UMTS: Creating Killer Applications in 3G. Wiley, 2002
I mport ant 3GPP Docum ents:
21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively
21.905: UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations
23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities)
23.060: GPRS architecture
25.401: UTRAN overview
25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA) 25.931: UTRAN procedures
(all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)