institut für geographie und geoökologie - kit-ipf-startseite · kit – universität des landes...
Post on 14-Aug-2019
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und
nationales Großforschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie – IfGG
www.kit.edu
Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie
Spielwiese Oberrheingraben
Ökologie im Oberrheingraben, Beiträge zu Ökosystemanalysen, Stoffflüssen und Landschaftswandel
2
Beispielhafte Aktivitäten:
- Landschaftsökologisches Praktikum in den Karlsruher Auen ab SS 11
- Partikel-Wasser Interaktionen in derGaronne/Gironde bei Bordeaux zusammen
mit J.Schäfer, Université Bordeaux
- Rekonstruktion von Paläohochwässern an Rhein und Donau, Doktorarbeit S. Bleek-Schmidt, Projektbeitrag (IMG/IfGG) im SFB-TTR Extreme Events
- Einfluss überfluteter Gebiete auf Gewässerbelastung im 3-Schluchten Reservoir
des Yangtze
- Arsenfreisetzung in holozänen Aquiferen Südostastiens
- Untersuchungen zur Einrichtung von Polder und Trinkwasserwerk in den
Rheinauen südlich von Karlsruhe (Dister, Burger, Wirsing)
- Populationsdynamik von Zecken im Oberrheingraben (zusammen mit Trevor Petney von der Zoologie)
- Luftbelastungsuntersuchungen in Karlsruhe, Beijing, Qingdao, …
- Management von Naturschutzgebieten entlang der Donau (Aueninstitut)
3
Forschungsziele auch in Hinblick auf den Oberrhein:
- Aufbau einer Auenforschungsplattform zur Stoffflussmessung
- Chemisch-mineralische Wechselwirungen an der Grenzfläche Partikel – Wasser
- Freisetzung/Fixierung redoxsensitiver Elemente in Polderflächen,
(Grundwasserschutz, Wasser-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen)
- Einfluss des Gewässermanagements in Auen auf die Vegetation
- Dynamik des Auenklimas und Wechselwirkung mit Stadtklima
- Flora und Fauna des Oberrheingrabens und Einfluss des Klimawandels (u.a. arboricole Ameisenarten, Wildrebe, Alteichen etc.)
- Revitalisierung von Flüssen des Oberrheingrabens
- Paläorekonstruktion der Sedimentationsbedingungen des Rheins
- Management von Auen (Landnutzung, Naturschutz)
4
Betrachtung des Ökosystems Alteiche
Auswahl mehrerer Alteichen
Klimamessung mittels Auenmessstation und Handmessungen
Aufnahme von Bodenprofilen
Erstellung von Grundwassergleichenplänen
Berechnung von Kenngrößen des Bodenwasserhaushalts mittels KA 5
Saftflussmessungen zur Bestimmung der Transpiration
Vegetationsaufnahmen
zoologische Aufnahmen
5
Populationsökologie der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata)
Quelle: www.kaulquappe.de
6
Forschungsthemen (Auswahl)
Feasibility Studies for Young Scientists: „Werkzeuge für die Erstellung eines allgemeingültigen Verfahrens zur Erfolgskontrolle von Fließgewässerrevitalisierungen in Deutschland”
„Umweltbericht Ettlingen“
„Vegetations- und Sukzessionsdynamikgrundwasser-bestimmter Waldstandorte mit Stiel-Eiche im nassen Bienwald (Südpfalz)“
Zuarbeiten für UVS und FFH-VP für das geplante Wasserwerk Kastenwört der Stadtwerke Karlsruhe GmbH (Bodenkunde und Hydrologie)
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
7
Modellierung der Auswirkungen einer Grundwasserabsenkungauf Bodenwasserhaushalt, Vegetation und Fauna (Dipl.-Geoökol. T. Wirsing)
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
8
Modellierung der Auswirkungen einer Grundwasserabsenkungauf Bodenwasserhaushalt, Vegetation und Fauna (Dipl.-Geoökol. T. Wirsing)
9
Modellierung der Auswirkungen einer Grundwasserabsenkungauf Bodenwasserhaushalt, Vegetation und Fauna (Dipl.-Geoökol. T. Wirsing)
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
10
Red River Delta – ViGerAs:
Initiation of a Vietnamese-German network
of experts for the assessment of arsenic in
the food chain and on the development and
optimisation of filter techniques to remove
arsenic from contami-nated groundwater in
rural areas of the Red River Delta, Vietnam
Period: 2008 - 2010
Services
• scientific exchange in the various fields concerning arsenic contamination of the water resources, food chain and medical consequences
• Proposal of optimized and adapted filter techniques• Pilot study on distribution of Arsenic in the food
chain identification of major transfer pathways of Arsenic from groundwater into the human body.
• First investigations for the establishment of medical indicators for control of success of reduction of Arsenic exposition of human beings.
Project Cost
• ~ 90 T€ BMBF• ~ 10 T€ DFG
Client and Financing Agency
• Ministry of Science and Technology• Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Project/technical Data:
• Target population about 3 Mio people;• Rural areas of the Red River Delta plain;• Arsenic concentrations up to more than 3 mg/L
Current project partners:
• Ruhr Universiy of Bochum, TU Berlin, University of Trier, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• Hanoi University of Science, Vietnamese Aca-demy of Science, Inst. of Occ. and Env. Health
• GEH Wasserchemie, Harbauer Umwelttechnik, Allgemeine Hospitalgesellschaft, Psytest
11
Cand.-LMChem. Eva Kellermeier Diploma Thesis
Identify differences in nutritional As
background in areas with high and low
levels of arsenic in groundwater
Focus on As pathway: Elevation from
groundwater to soil to crops
Identify main food products in northern
Vietnamese diet
Assess possible nutrient mineral
deficiencies
Tasks: Analytical methodology
Analysis of elemental composition using
applicable x-ray spectrometry and optical-
and mass based spectrometry methods.
Time period
Jan.-Feb. 2010: sampling in Red River Delta,
pretreatment at CETASD, Hanoi University of
Science
Mar.-Aug 2010: analysis, research and
summary of results at IMG, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology
12 Prof. Max Mustermann – Fakultät für Musterwissenschaften: Präsentationstitel
12 25.03.2011
The isotopic composition of oxygen in arsenate/arsenite:
a new approach to constrain the source of arsenic
in groundwater
DFG Projekt 01/2010 – 12/2012 (IMG – Zsolt Berner, Xiaohui Tang; IfGG – Stefan Norra)
Motivation and Objectives
Natural contamination of groundwater by arsenic became a crucial water quality problem in many parts of the world.
The scale of the problem is notably grave in parts of South and East Asia. Despite the progress in elucidating the
cause of this calamity, many questions are still open. Redox seems to be a major actuator in releasing the arsenic
into the groundwater, but the association of high As groundwaters with low redox environments is still equivocal.
In this study we address this issue by investigating new insights into the ultimate cause for the occurence of
high As groundwaters. Distinguish sites in which the arsenic in groundwater derives directly from surrounding
sediment from such, in which the arsenic was transported to the site of observation
Methods
• Quantitative separation of arsenite from arsenate and
phosphate
• Quantitative precipitation of arsenite and arsenate for
oxygen isotope analysis
• Determination of the isotope ratios
On-line coupling of high-temperature reduction with
graphite and continuous flowmass spectrometry (EA-Py-
CF-IRMS)Work shedule
• Lab experiments are in progress to work out an efficient method for the preconcentration and quantitative separation of arsenate and phosphate from aqueous solutions, and the measurement of the isotope composition of oxygen in arsenate, arsenite.
• The kinetic of the oxygen isotope exchange between water and arsenate/arsenite must be investigated. Thisfeature is critical for the applicability and interpretation of the isotope data
• Applicative investigations: Compare the isotope composition in arsenate and arsenite in groundwater withthat in aquifer sediments in three areas with distinct redox features: Sashipur / Chakadunga, West Bengal, India; Van Phuc, Red River Delta, Vietnam; Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, China
13
Separation of arsenite from arsenate and phosphate
Passing 500 mL of water with an initial AsTot/P ratio of ~1/11 through the separation cartridge, the total As concentration decreased slightly due to the adsorption of As(V), and the P/Astotratio changed dramatically. Passing anew the effluent, phosphate was almost completely removed, without a notable drop in the As-total concentration, indicating an efficient retention of the phosphate on the cartridge without lost of As(III).
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
As(III+V) (µg/L) 90.52 71.87 68.54
P(V) (µg/L) 1009 135.7 8.56
CP0 CP1 CP2
CP0 : initial solutionCP1 : first effluentCP2 : second effluent
Precision of the oxygen isotope analyses
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Replicates
δ 18
0
Silver arsenate used for tests to determine the oxygen isotope ratios in arsenate was precipitated with AgNO3 from a solution prepared from Na2HAsO4 •7H2O.
δ18O = 1.46‰ ± 0.20‰ (n=10)
Preliminary results
14
“Influence of hydrostatic head oscillations and of the
availability of organic matter on the release of arsenic
from aquifer sediments in the Bengal Delta Plain (BDP)”DFG-BMZ Project, 2008 - 2011
Doctoral thesis Harald Neidhardt (IMG - Zsolt Berner, IfGG - Stefan Norra)
Background Background
• Selection of adequate sampling sites by hydrochemical screening of a 20x20km area in the Bengal Delta Plain
MethodsMethods
• Installation of five nested piezometers filtered at different depths (12-44m) at a site with highAstot (285 µg/L) and one with low Astot (61 µg/L) concentrations in groundwater
• Recovering and sampling of undisturbed and microbiologically uncontaminated cores
• Ongoing hydrochemical monitoring (bi-weekly since 12.2008), including measuring of field parameters, major and trace elements (by HR-ICP-MS), anions (by IC) and Δ18O and ΔD isotopy (by IRMS)
• Geochemical characterization of the aquifer sediments using XRFA, µ-XRFA, XRD, µ-SyRFA, µ-XANES/EXAFS, sequential extraction, CSA
• Pumping experiment (at the high As site) and injection of organic matter experiment (at the low As site) in December 2009
Project goalsProject goals
- “... assess and quantify the role of bacteria and related biogeochemical processes in mobilizing As to groundwater in shallow Holocene aquifer sediments of the BDP”
- “...figure out the relative role of biological versus inorganic controls on As mobilization”
Nested piezometers at high As site
Screening area and sampling sitesin the Nadia district, West Bengal
Sahispur = high As site, Chakadunga = low As site
15
Betrachtete Einflussfaktoren : Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, MikrohabitatUntersuchungszeitraum: April - August 2010Untersuchungsgebiet: Fünf Standorte im Norden von Karlsruhe,
entlang eines West/Ost Transektes
Leitung Zoologie: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski, Dr. Trevor Petney
Leitung IfGG: PD Dr. Stefan Norra, Dipl.-Geoökol. Reiner Gebhardt
Ausführung: cand. rer.nat. Denise Böhnke
Im Rahmen dieser Vergleichsstudie soll geklärt werden, in wie weit die Find-barkeit und damit korreliert die Populationsentwicklung der Zeckenart Ixodes ricinus von Temperatur(-verlauf), Luftfeuchte und Mikrohabitatsmerkmalen beeinflusst wird. Die Ergebnisse sind relevant für das Verständnis der Ökologie von I. ricinusund können eine wichtige Grundlage für Folgeuntersuchungen sein, die Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Menschen vor zeckenübertragenen Krankheiten als Ziel haben.
Zoologisches InstitutAbt. für Ökologie und Parasitologie
Der Einfluss von Mikroklima und Habitat Der Einfluss von Mikroklima und Habitat auf die Populationsentwicklung auf die Populationsentwicklung
von Ixodes ricinus von Ixodes ricinus
16
ErwarteteErwartete Ergebnisse:Ergebnisse:P
ho
tos: D
enis
e B
öhnke
� Datensätze zur Findbarkeit der Zecken in Bezug auf Uhrzeit, Vegetationsbeschaffenheit, Feuchte im Bestand sowie Wetterbetrachtungen hinsichtlich Windvorkommen, Temperatur und Luftfeuchte
� Luftfeuchte- sowie Temperaturdaten (Boden, 25 und 50 cm, sowie 4x 25cm/Standort im Bestand verteilt) für jeden Standort im Halbstundentakt über 5 Monate hinweg
� Vergleichsstudie der Zeckenfunde mit
den betrachteten Umweltparametern
� Photodokumentation der Vegetationsentwicklung rund um die Wetterhäuschen
� Sammlung mehrerer 1000 Zecken (Dermacentor, Ixodes) konserviert in 70%gem Ethanol
17
Stable isotopes in gas exchange of Norway spruce –
oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and leaf water
AIM
• Determination of gas exchange and associated parameters (stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration) of spruce under varying environmental conditions (radiation intensity,temperature, CO2-concentration)
• Determination of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and leaf water depending on gas exchange
Diplomarbeit Carola Blessing, 2010
am Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) – Stefan Norra
und am Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK-IFU) – Nick Brüggemann
METHODSOnline measurement of CO2 and H2O concentration and isotopic composition in chamber inflow and outflow using laser specific instruments:
Variation of environmental conditions, e.g. PAR, leaf and soil temperature, relative humidity and soil moisture:•Variation of irradiation period•Variation of radiation intensity•Variation of CO2-concentrationIrrigation with 18O-enriched (δ18O = +270 ‰)
Results
Stomata opening after switching off the light
� Facilitated CO2 diffusion in and out of the leaf, where it exchanges oxygen with enriched leaf water
Stomatal conductance δ18O (vs. VSMOW) in H2O and CO
2
Light on
Light out Light on Light out
18
Anthropogenic impacts on quality of water, sediment and soil
in selected areas of the 3 Gorges Dam catchment
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
proposed project to BMBF/MOST:
“Spatio-temporal in-situ and on-line monitoring to model the processes and dynamics
of relevant physico-chemical parameters of the reservoir by means of a
towed subaqueous sensor system”
Grant expected by BMBF in September 2010
19
Anthropogenic impacts on quality of water, sediment and soil
in selected areas of the 3 Gorges Dam catchment
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
Kooperation mit dem Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. Subklew
20
Anthropogenic impacts on quality of water, sediment and soil
in selected areas of the 3 Gorges Dam catchment
03.11.2009 | Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IfGG) | www.ifgg.kit.edu |
Zhuxi
Wanzhou
Lihe
GaoLiang
Shahe
Gaoweizi
LongbaoWuqiaoDistrikt
Tiancheng Distrikt
Changjiang
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cl-, PSo4-,
NO3-
NO3-
NO3-
NO3-
NO3-
NO3-
Cl-, PSo4-,
Cu,NiPb
CuNi,Pb Zn
Zn
Zn
Zn
NO3-
CuNi,Pb Zn
CuNi,Pb Zn
CuNi,Pb Zn
Ni,Pb Zn, Cu
Ni,Pb
Zn, Cu
CuNi,Pb
CuNi, Pb
ZnCuNi, Pb
Zn
Cu,NiPb Zn
Cu,NiPb Zn
Ni,Pb Cu
Pb ZnCu,Ni
Metall
Anion
Metall
dissolved
dissolved
suspended
Belastung bei Wanzhou
21
Diploma Thesis
Franziska Rühle
Cooperation between:
Stefan Norra, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, KIT
Jörg Schäfer, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Université Bordeaux 1
Thomas Neumann, Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, KIT
Stephan Fuchs, Institute of Aquatic Environmental
Engineering, KIT
Funded by Hydrosphere Excellence Cluster Initiative of KIT
Behaviour of dissolved trace metals by
discharging waste water into receiving water
Batch experiments at
Bordeaux and Karlsruhe
Planning:
- period of time: November ’09 – July ’10
- water characteristics: pH, T, conductivity, O2 (in situ)
trace metals, major anions and cations (ICP-MS and IC
analysis) dissolved organic carbon
- particle analyses: SPM content, trace metal charge (acid attack
+ ICP-MS), mineralogy (SEM), particulate organic carbon
(CNS analyser)
- batch experiments: mixture of wastewater and river water
���� observation of the dissolved trace metal behaviour
regarding fixation and desorption processes
22
Vielen Dank!
23
Doktorarbeit Stefanie Schrader
Analysis of the spatial distribution of airborne particles in the greater area of Beijing via modeling and satellite remote sensing
Methodology
Investigation area on regional scale
List of possible
satellite images
Preselection of possible image
pairs
Meteorological data
Pollution data
Selection of polluted image and reference
image
AOT
Meteorological data
Pollution
data
PM1 + PM2,5
Mixing layer
height
Mixing layer height +
Relative
humidity
PM10
Quicklook
Systems approach for use of high
resolution (30m) Landsat TM images
COSMO-ART Operational weather
forecast model + Aerosols and
Reactive Trace Gases Model
Need of data fusion due to lack of information from single methods
Stefanie Schrader
Agricultural areas and woodland
Construction changes, bright metal roofs
24
Investigation of relevant processes of aerosol pollution in Beijing – source identification, elemental composition and bio-availability with respect to different land use types
24
2005-2007: 6 sites, since Sep-07: 2 sites (Fig.1)
Aktive: PM2.5 (day + night), TSP (Site 4)
Passive (site CUG): Sigma-II: 2.5-80 µm
Mass and element concentrations, watersoluble
ions, sequential extractions, Black Carbon (BC)
Fig.1. Sampling sites in Beijing.
Fig.2. Spatial variations between the sampling sites.
Spatial differences: highest
concentations in the city center(SE) and lowest concentrations
in the outskirts (NW) (Fig. 2)
2525
Investigation of relevant processes of aerosol pollution in Beijing – source identification, elemental composition and bio-availability with respect to different land use types
Seasonal variations (Fig. 3) with lowestconcentrations in summer (meteorology)
and highest in winter (stagnant conditions
and additional sources in the heating period)
Anthropogenic sources dominant in winter
and geogenic sources prevail in spring
(dust storm days) � Pb/Ti ratio
Fig.3. Seasonal variations of TSP mass concentrationsand Pb/Ti ratio.
Mixing of different particle types (SEM, Fig.4)
� geogenic particles as “catchers” for smaller anthropogenic particles
Fig.4. Interaction between different particles.
top related