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Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Non invasive imaging of plants and plant roots in substrate with Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Imaging (NMRI) and (Sub) Terrahertz Imaging (THz)
Dr. Axel JungRicarda van der Heijden Beta Klinik Bonn
Dr. Karsten Specht University of Bergen
Prof. Dr. Martin Koch IHF TU Braunschweig
Dr. Jörg VandenhirtzMatthias EberiusDirk Vandenhirtz LemnaTec
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
LemnaTec High Throughput Phenotyping Platform
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Goal of this joint study:
Can Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Imaging (NMRI) or (Sub) Terrahertz Imaging (Thz) be used for obtaining non invasive and valuable information about plant roots in substrate?
• 3D root morphologie• 3D root dynamics• 3D root activity (water distribution)• etc...
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Used Plants:Corn Plants in transparent pots:
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Siemens MAGNETOM Espree 1.5T
NMR settings: *
B = 1.5 TTE = 12 msTR = 5.0 sFoV = 250 x 250ST = 1 mm
* Dr. Peter Blümeler FZ Jülich ICG-3 ecoNMR „Magnetic Resonance of plants“Price: 1.5 Mio Euro
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
First Results of Dr. Axel Jung, Beta-Klinik, Bonn
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
First Results of Dr. Axel Jung, Beta-Klinik, Bonn
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Problems:
• artefacts (debris) in substrate hide roots (H2O + Fe)• low contrast between roots and background• correct setting of NMR has to be researched
-> Contact to Dr. Karsten Specht Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen, Norway Research on NMRI
Dr. Specht tried NMRI of his office Plant...
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
First Results of Dr. Karsten Specht, Uni Bergen:
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
First Results of Dr. Karsten Specht, Uni Bergen:
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
NMRI Conclusions:+ Standard medical NMR scanners are able to provide 3D information about root architecture and dynamics with mm resolution
+ NMRI is a promising tool for non invasive root imaging of plants
o Correct NMR settings for root imaging have to be researched and optimized
o Peat substrate minimizes H2O and Fe background problems
- Measurement time (ca. 20 min.) not suitable for high throughput
- Very expensive (ca. 1.5 Mio Euro)
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Complementary option for non invasive and penetrating plant sensors:
Prof. Dr. Martin KochInstitut für
HochfrequenztechnikTU Braunschweig
InfraredMicrowaves Ultraviolet X-Ray
Visible
10 9
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1010
Frequency (Hz)
“THz”Radiowaves
108
107
THz radation can be considered as high-frequency microwaves or very long waved light.
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Wate
r co
nce
ntr
ati
on
Fresh leaf 48 hours after it has been cut out
B.B. Hu und M.C. Nuss, Opt. Lett. 20, 1716 (1995)
First THz image of a leaf with high resolution
Bell LabsLucent Technologies
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
CO
NFI
DEN
TIA
L
First Results of Prof. Dr. Martin Koch, Braunschweig:
THz transmitter
THzdetector
moving a coffee plantbetween a sub THz transmitter and detector…
…and measuring thetransmission of thesub THz signal
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
The lift and rotating devices of the LemnaTec Phenotyping Platform are already integrated for 3D THz
scans in cylindrical coordinates:z
THz
Combining 3D THz transmission measurements with visible 3D RGB image data of the LemnaTec
Phenotyping Platform
transmitter
detector
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
THz Conclusions:
+ Measurement time (ca. 2 min.) suitable for high throughput
+ Cheaper as NMRI (ca. 150,000 Euro)
+ THz is a promising alternative for non invasive 3D imaging of plants
+ plastic is tranparent for THz radiation -> plastic hydroponics could be used for THz root imaging
o Hardware and software for THz root imaging have to be researched and optimized
- Resolution 1 cm not suitable for root architecture
Institut für HochfrequenztechnikTechnische Universität Braunschweig
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology
Conclusions:
NMRI THz
Hardware
standard of the shelf technology
to be developed
Software
to be developed to be developed
Throughput
ca. 20 min. per plant ca. 2 min. per plant
Resolution
ca. 1 mm ca. 1 cm
Hazards high B-Field none
Price ca. 1.5 Mio. Euro ca. 150,000 Euro
Target roots and shoots shoots (roots?)
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