large igneous provinces lip die großen magmatischen provinzen der erde
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Large Igneous Provinces LIP
Die großen magmatischen Provinzen der Erde
Columbia River Basalt 16 Ma (Early Miocene)
LIP´s of the World
Continental Flood Basalts
Trap
Deccan traps65 Ma (Late Cretaceous)
Siberian traps 250 Ma (Late Permian)
Emeishan traps 258 Ma (Late Permian)
Viluy traps360 Ma (Late Devonian)
Parana and Etendeka traps, 132 Ma (Early Cretaceous)
Karoo and Ferrar traps, 184 Ma (Mid Jurassic)
Madagascar traps, ~ 90 Ma (Mid Cretaceous)
Ethiopian and Yemen traps, 30 Ma (Oligocene)
North Atlantic Tertiary Volcanic Province, 55 & 60 Ma (Paleocene)
Large Igneous Provinces LIP
Ontong–Java plateau 117, 98, 93 Ma (Mid-Late Cretaceous
Ozeanische Plateaus
Large Igneous Provinces LIP
Crough 1983
Spuren von heißen Flecken
Hot Spot Track – der Hawaii – Emperor - Seamount Kette
Hawaii Inselkette
Empe
ror I
nsel
kette
81 Ma
heuteaktiv
Karte der magnetischen Anomalien
Hawaii
Spur ist unabhängig von der Bewegung der Lithosphärenplatten – kreuzt die magnetischen Anomalien der ozeanischen Kruste
Spur wird kontinuierlich jüngerin Richtung Hawaii
Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of the Colombia River basalts (CRBs) and track of the Yellowstone hot spot.
According to Pierce and Morgan [14], activity of the CRBs started due to the arrival of gigantic plume head of the Yellowstone hot spot ca. 16 Ma ago. The plume hit the boundary between Oregon, Idaho and Nevada where rhyolite volcanism occurred due to crustal anatexsis. Much of thebasalt magmas, however, traveled to the north through 1000 km long NS rift system and drained at the boundary between Washington and Oregon States. Simplified after fig. 1 of Pierce and Morgan [14].
Columbia River Basalt 16 Ma (Early Miocene)
& Yellowstone Hot Spot
Scoring hotspots: the Plume and Plate paradigmsDon L. AndersonSeismological Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125,USAdla@gps. caltech. edu
Klassisches Modell:Mantelkonvektion betrifft den gesamten Mantel
Alternative: zwei unabhängige Konvektionssystemeim unteren und oberen Mantel
1350 km Tiefe
p-Wellen
s-Wellen
Tomographisches Modell des Erdmantels
van der Hilst et al. 1997
Miner PetrolDOI 10.1007/s00710-009-0068-z
Structure, mineralogy and dynamics of the lowermost mantleReidar G. Trønnes
C Faccenna & TW Becker Nature 465, 602-605 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09064
Cartoon illustrating the architecture of the subduction zones andthe related pattern of mantle convection in the Mediterranean region.
Beispiel für Konvektionsmodell im Oberen Mantel
Holden & Vogt 1977
Noch eine Alternative
Holden & Vogt 1977
Ein streng mechanistischer Ansatz für Plattentektonik
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