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Manual
CLIMATE PROOFING TOOLJuly 2010
Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
PARA - Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas Project 07 Le Thanh Ton Street, Ward 2Tra Vinh TownViet Nam T +84 74 35 00 137F +84 74 38 68 802I http://www.gtz.de
Climate Protection Programme for Developing Countries P.O. Box 518065726 EschbornGermanyT +49 6196 79 24 25F +49 6196 79 80 24 25E info@gtz.deI http://www.gtz.de/klima
© gtz, 2010
Manual
CLIMATE PROOFING TOOL
July 2010
ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................4
GLOSSARY....................................................................................4
1 Introduction 61.1 Global climate change: an overview..................................61.2 Climate change and local development planning in
Tra Vinh Province ..............................................................71.3 Rationale and objective of the Climate Proofing Tool ........9
2 The Climate Proofing Tool 102.1 Overview of the Climate Proofing Tool ............................10
3 STEP 1: Analyse adaptation needs........................................123.1 Task 1: Select value chain...............................................143.2 Task 2: Identify climate trends .........................................143.3 Task 3: Identify bio-physical impacts ...............................153.4 Task 4: Identify socio-economic impacts .........................163.5 Task 5: Identify level of risk .............................................163.6 Task 6: Review existing adaptive capacity ......................163.7 Task 7: Identify adaptation options ..................................17
Table ofContents
4 STEP 2: Selection of feasible adaptation options 184.1 Task 1: Screen and select the adaptation options...........184.2 Task 2: Prioritise the screened and selected adaptation
options.............................................................................19
5 STEP 3: Integration of selected adaptation options intoCMOP/moSEDP 205.1 Task 1: Develop recommendations from the Climate
Proofing WS ....................................................................205.2 Task 2: Formulate a commune adaptation action plan....215.3 Task 3: Implement and monitor
the adaptation action plan ...............................................21
6 List of Annexes 226.1 Annex 1: Support Materials –
Table of Adaptation Needs – Examples...........................226.2 Annex 2: Table: Identification of changes in local
weather and environment caused by climate change .....266.3 Annex 3: Climate Change Information Leaflet for
Tra Vinh Province ............................................................276.4 Annex 4: Risk Assessment Matrix ...................................296.5 Annex 5: Matrix: Prioritisation of Selected Adaptation
Options ............................................................................31
4 Manual
GLOSSARYAdaptation Adaptation measures are planned strategies or
responses and actions to potential or experiencedimpacts of climate change that lead to a reduction inrisks or to the realization of benefits. In short: adaptation means doing things differentlybecause of climate change.
Climate Climate is the force that drives long-term changes inweather. It therefore determines the characteristics of aregion (seasons, average temperature etc.). It isdescribed by long-term statistics (e.g. average minimumand maximum temperature).
Climate Change Climate change can express itself through a variety ofchanges in weather and environment, such astemperature, rainfall, storms, etc.
ABBREVIATIONS CC Climate ChangeCIG Common Interest GroupCMOP Commune Market Opportunity Plan HH HouseholdMOI Market Opportunity IdeamoSEDP market-oriented Social Economic
Development PlanSEDP Social Economic Development PlanVC Value ChainWS WorkshopWSCG Women’s Savings and Credit Group
Climate Proofing Tool 5
It is often not possible to quantify these changes inprecise terms. However, it is important to know what thegeneral trend is: What changes do scientists predict anddoes this concur with our own observations? Havetemperature increases been felt in recentyears/decades? Has there been more or less rainfall?Have there been stronger storms or more erraticweather conditions etc.?
Effects of climate change on natural and socialsystems. The risks inherent in the impacts of climatechange along with the adaptive capacity of the localpopulation constitute vulnerability.
CMOP CMOP is the abbreviation for Commune MarketOpportunity Planning. CMOP is a planning process atcommune level which is market orientated and pro poor.Consequently, CMOP is used to develop communeeconomic plans, taking account of the marketopportunities identified by market studies and theMOIs/business ideas of CIGs and HHs. CMOP isimplemented to support the poor in the communes.CMOP creates conditions that enable the poor toaccess markets more easily. Thus, the poor areempowered to actively and sustainably improve theirlivelihoods.
moSEDP moSEDP stands for market-oriented and pro-poorsocial economic planning. This process has threedefining characteristics: (1) participation of local people,departments, mass organizations and enterprises, (2)market orientation, and (3) focus on poverty reduction.Therefore, the process includes the key elements of theCMOP process.
Weather Weather is what we can feel, and is the subject ofweather forecasts in radio and television broadcasts. Itis the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, meaning thedaily temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind. It oftenchanges quickly from one day to the next.
ClimateChangeImpacts
6 Manual
1.1 Global climate change: an overviewGlobal climate change is one of the most serious challengesof our time. It is commonly known as global warming andassociated with a rise in sea levels. Natural disasters andextreme climatic events are increasing in number, affectingthe lives of humans across the globe. Viet Nam is expectedto be one of the countries most affected by climate change.This is will lead to major impacts in the following sectors:water resources, agriculture, forestry, fishery, energy,transportation and health.
Changing climate conditions in Viet Nam over the last 50years include an increase in annual average air temperatureby approximately 0.5 - 0.7°C, whilst coastal sea levels haverisen by approximately 20 cm. Climate change has resultedin more severe and/or frequent extreme weather events inViet Nam, with cyclonic storms, floods and droughts at theforefront.
Introduction
1 ISPONRE (2009): Viet Nam Assessment Report on Climate Change (VARCC).
1
Climate Proofing Tool 7
The people of Viet Nam have ofcourse not necessarily noticed anydirect increase in annual meantemperature because, as always,some days have been hotter andsome cooler. Also, no one hasactually observed sea levels riseon a day-to-day basis. However,over time, people have generallyperceived changes in the weatherfor example, or noticed that theircrops were not growing as well asthey used to, or that saline waterwas intruding further into areas ithad never been seen in before.
The implications of global climate change are not only likelyto endanger efforts to reduce poverty, but they might makepoverty even worse. Adaptation to climate change is animportant issue, and one that is already being taken seriouslyboth by the Vietnamese government in its developmentstrategies, as well as by the local population seeking tosecure a sustainable livelihood. In response to climatechange and in order to be able to mitigate greenhouse gasemissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change, VietNam issued Decision 158 ‘National Target Program toRespond to Climate Change’ in December 2008. For its part,Tra Vinh Province issued the Decision 264 ‘ImplementationAction Plan on the National Target Program to Cope with CCin Tra Vinh Province’ and Decision 59 ‘Awareness-Raising forCommunity and Community-based Disaster RisksManagement in Tra Vinh Province, 2010-2020’.
1.2 Climate change and local development planning inTra Vinh Province
The Mekong Delta, and therefore also Tra Vinh Province, isone of the regions that will be most affected by climatechange impacts.
8 Manual
Tra Vinh Province is situated in the Mekong Delta and is verylow lying, with approximately half of its land area at less thanone metre above mean sea level. In addition, the province islocated between the two largest arms of the Mekong River. Itis predicted that Tra Vinh will be among the provinces thatwill be affected earliest and most severely by sea level riseand saline intrusion, by the increase in the frequency andintensity of storms and floods, as well as by changes inrainfall patterns. Damage caused by climate change couldpotentially affect everybody in the province.
Research into the way people in Tra Vinh Province viewclimate change and its impacts on their lives and workrevealed that people had become aware of: (a) highertemperatures, (b) more storms, (c) heavier rainfall overshorter periods of time, (d) more droughts, (e) a shorter rainyseason and a longer dry season. Saline water intrusion in thedry season still appears to be of minor importance. However,it is starting to become a more important issue for the localpopulation in some parts of Tra Vinh Province.
Changing climate conditions and more extreme weatherevents could impact negatively on different sectors and
Climate Proofing Tool 9
people’s livelihoods in Tra Vinh Province. Highertemperatures and saline water intrusion, for instance, couldlead to a drop in rice yields. However, there are also ways ofavoiding losses, e.g. through the choice of rice varieties. Byanalysing how economic activities, infrastructure, nature orpeople might be affected by climate change, we can identifywhat can be done to avoid losses or damage. Adaptation thenmeans doing things differently in response to climate change.It is therefore important to check ongoing developmentactivities during the planning stage already and, if necessary,to identify adaptation options and include them in the localdevelopment plan (CMOP/ moSEDP).
1.3 Rationale and objective of the Climate Proofing ToolThe probable consequences of global climate change havenot yet been addressed or fully implemented in localplanning in Tra Vinh Province. Therefore, a Climate ProofingTool has been developed and adapted for local developmentplanning here.
The Climate Proofing Tool allows us 1) to identify thoseactivities or value chains that are at risk or under threat insome way from climate change and 2) to analyse whetheradditional measures are necessary to be able to implementthe value chain successfully. If this initial screening showsthere is no need for additional measures in order toimplement the planned value chain successfully, this wouldimply there is no major threat to the value chain and that thevalue chain is well planned. In some cases, however, ClimateProofing will show that additional measures or changes areneeded to the originally planned value chains in order torespond to climate change. These additional measures orchanges to original plans, which are referred to as adaptationmeasures, are required if the planned value chain is to beimplemented sustainably.
Therefore, the aim of the systematic approach used in theClimate Proofing Tool is to increase the chances of successof the planned and implemented value chains.
10 Manual
The ClimateProofing Tool
2.1 Overview of the Climate Proofing Tool The Climate Proofing Tool consists of 3 steps:
1. Analyse adaptation needs; 2. Select feasible adaptation options;3. Integrate selected adaptation options into CMOP/
moSEDP.
OVERVIEW ON THE CLIMATE PROOFING TOOL
Step to take
How do you do it?
Step 1Analyse adaptation
needs
Step 1: Task 1-7Organise a Climate
Proofing workshop toimplement task 1-7.
Method climate ProofingTable.
Step 1: Task 1-2Cotinue Climate Proofingworkshop to implement
task 1-2.
Method: checklist &Prioritisation
Step 1: Task 1-3Cotinue Climate Proofingworkshop to implement
task 1-2.
Task 3 takes place theworkshop
Step 2Select feasible
adaptation options
Step 3Integrate selectedadaptation options
into CMOP/moSEDP
2
Climate Proofing Tool 11
Step 1 analyses whether a specific value chain needs to bemodified in any way, and looks at the possible adaptationoptions. The analysis is structured in a table that guides theuser through seven tasks. The aim is to glean information thatwill show whether or not the proposed activity needs to beadapted. And, if there is a need, it proposes various optionsfor making these changes. At the end of step 1, ClimateProofing Tool users have a list of possible adaptation options.
Step 2 helps us decide which of the possible adaptationoptions would be best. In this step, criteria such as costeffectiveness apply. Completion of step 2 gives us aprioritised list of feasible adaptation options.
In step 3, theadaptation optionsare integrated intothe project designand implementation.The changes to theoriginal plan areoutlined as are theprecise stages atwhich thesemeasures will becarried out. Oncethis has been done,the workshop ends.Full integrationoccurs during theoperational planningfor CMOP/moSEDP.The followingdescribes in detailwhat questions, methods and support materials areaddressed in each step.
Steps 1 and 2 take place in a workshop where identified valuechains as defined in the CMOP/ moSEDP process arechecked. Step 3 is started during the workshop but the mainpart of step 3 is conducted during implementation.
12 Manual
3Step 1 consists of seven tasks and involves the step-by-stepcompletion of the following table, which is referred to as theTable of Adaptation Needs. Two example tables are given inAnnex 6.1. Please use a separate Table of Adaptation Needsfor each value chain.
Each step is explained separately in the relevant section.
STEP 1Analyse adaptationneeds
Climate Proofing Tool 13
Tab
le 1
: Ta
ble
of
Ad
apta
tio
n N
eed
s –
Task
1-7
A: T
ask
1
Sele
ct
Valu
e C
hain
Whic
h v
alu
ech
ain
as
defin
ed in
the
CM
OP
/moS
ED
P m
ight be
impact
ed b
ycl
imate
change?
B: T
ask
2
Identif
y C
limate
Tre
nds
Whic
h c
limate
trends
affe
ctth
e s
ele
cted
valu
e c
hain
?
C: T
ask
3
Identif
y B
io-p
hys
ical
Impact
s
What happens
to the
resp
ect
ive
valu
e c
hain
ifit
is a
ffect
ed
by
the c
limate
trend
sele
cted?
D: T
ask
4
Identif
y S
oci
o-
Eco
nom
icIm
pact
s
Whic
h s
oci
al
and e
conom
icim
pact
s do t
he
identif
ied b
io-
phys
ical
impact
s have
on t
he lo
cal
popula
tion?
E: T
ask
5
Identif
y Leve
l of
Ris
k
What
is t
he
leve
l of
risk
for
the s
ele
cted
impact
s (a
) in
the n
ext
year,
and (
b)
in t
he
next
10 y
ears
?
In th
ene
xtye
ar
In th
ene
xt 1
0ye
ars
F: T
ask
6
Revi
ew
exi
stin
gA
daptiv
eC
apaci
ty
Do a
dapta
tion
optio
ns
already
exi
stw
ith r
egard
to
the s
ele
cted
impact
s?If
yes,
whic
hones?
G: T
ask
7
Identif
y A
dapta
tion
Optio
ns
What
can w
e d
oto
min
imis
eand/o
r avo
idth
ese
impact
s o
nth
e r
esp
ect
ive
valu
e c
hain
?
14 Manual
3.1 Task 1: Select value chainThis task aims to identify the most important value chainaffected by climate trends. In order to do so, please answerthe following question: Which value chain as defined in theCMOP/ moSEDP can be impacted by climate change?
To-do list: 1. List all planned identified value chains of the
CMOP/moSEDP.2. Answer the question: ‘Which of the value chains are (a)
the most important in the commune, and (b) could beaffected by climate change?’
3. Select one value chain that is most important and isaffected by climate change.
4. Write down the result in column [A] in the Table ofAdaptation Needs.
3.2 Task 2: Identify climate trends This task aims to identify the relevant climate trends for thecommune. In order to identify the changes felt in localweather and environment, you need to answer the followingquestion: Which climate trends affect the selected valuechain?
You can use the information leaflet on climate change in TraVinh Province in Annex 6.3 which includes predictions onclimate change by scientists along with informationconcerning climate/weather changes perceived in Tra Vinh.However, each commune may experience climate trendsdifferently. Therefore, they should each elaborate their ownchanging climate/weather trends during the workshop.
To-do list:1. Fill in the table in Annex 6.2 ‘Identification of changes in
local weather and environment caused by climatechange’; make use of the figure in Annex 6.3.
2. Mark climate trends that show changes: (a) shorter, (b)longer, and (c) other.
3. Check whether the marked climate trends are affectingthe value chain.
4. Select up to three most important climate trends.
Climate Proofing Tool 15
5. Write down the selected trends in column [B] in the Tableof Adaptation Needs.
3.3 Task 3: Identify bio-physical impactsThis task aims to identify the bio-physical impacts derivingfrom the selected climate trends on the value chain. To do so,please answer the following question: What happens to theselected value chain, if it is affected by the selected climatetrend?
To-do list: 1. Consider the following question: How is the selected value
chain in the commune impacted by the climate trends youhave identified?
2. Write down the impacts in column [C] in the Table ofAdaptation Needs.
3. Select the two most important impacts for each climatetrend and move to task 4.
16 Manual
3.4 Task 4: Identify socio-economic impactsThis task aims to identify the socio-economic impacts derivingfrom bio-physical impacts. To do so, please answer thefollowing question: Which social and economic impacts dothe bio-physical impacts you have identified have on the localpopulation?
To-do list:1. Consider the following question: How do the bio-physical
impacts influence the citizens’ social and economic lives?2. Write down the impacts in column [D] in the Table of
Adaptation Needs.3. Select the two most important impacts for each climate
trend and move on to task 5.
3.5 Task 5: Identify level of riskThis task aims to identify the level of risk for the selectedimpacts. To do so, please answer the following question:What is the level of risk for the selected impacts (a) next yearand (b) in the next 10 years?
To-do list: 1. Use the risk assessment matrix in Annex 6.4 to identify
the levels of risk for the selected impacts.2. Write down the levels of risk you have identified: [low],
[medium], [high] for each selected impact in column [E]in the Table of Adaptation Needs. Analyse the level of riskfor (a) next year, and (b) the next 10 years.
3. Select the impacts that have [(a): high and/or (b): high]and [(a): medium and (b): medium] risk and move on totask 6.
3.6 Task 6: Review existing adaptive capacityThis task aims to review the existing adaptive capacity of thelocal population. To do so, please answer the followingquestion: Do adaptation options already exist with regard tothe selected impacts? If yes, which ones?
Climate Proofing Tool 17
To-do list: Answer the following question: At present, doesyour commune have any adaptation measures?
o Yes Specify and write down youranswers in column [F] in theTable of Adaptation Needs. Ifthere are sufficient adaptionmeasures in place, cross outthe impacts.
o Yes, but not enough Check again to see whetherfurther adaptation measures areneeded to adapt to impacts infuture.
o No Proceed with task 7.
3.7 Task 7: Identifya d a p t a t i o noptions
This task aims toidentify adaptationoptions for impacts onthe selected valuechain. To do so,please answer thefollowing question:What can we do tominimise and/or avoidthese impacts on thegiven value chain?
To-do list:1. Consider the
following question: What can we do to minimise and/oravoid the impacts?
2. Brainstorm all adaptation ideas you can find.3. Write down the options in column [G] in the Table of
Adaptation Needs.
18 Manual
Selection of feasibleadaptation options
STEP 2
44.1 Task 1: Screen and select the adaptation optionsThis task aims to screen and select feasible adaptationoptions for the value chain identified as impacted by climatetrends.
To-do list: Answer the following questions for eachadaptation option in the group.
1. Do we have or can we hire the technical skills toimplement the measure?o No cross out the option
o Yes continue with the 2nd question
2. Do we have enough resources to implement this option?o Yes cross out the option
o No proceed with task 2
Climate Proofing Tool 19
4.2 Task 2: Prioritise the screened and selectedadaptation options
This task aims to prioritise the screened and selectedadaptation options for further integration intoCMOP/moSEDP. Please answer the following question: Whatis the priority status of each of the selected adaptation optionscompared to the other measures?
To-do list:1. Use the prioritisation matrix in Annex 6.5 to prioritise the
selected adaptation options.
2. Give points for each option: 1 = not fulfilled, 5 = totallyfulfilled.
3. Add up the points + rank the options: highest point score= 1st priority
20 Manual
Integration of selected adaptationoptions intoCMOP/moSEDP
STEP 3
55.1 Task 1: Develop recommendations from the Climate
Proofing WSThis task aims to develop recommendations for integratingthe selected adaptation options into CMOP/moSEDP. Takethe list of selected and prioritised adaption options and clarifytheir integration into existing CMOP/moSEDP.
To-do list: Answer the following questions for eachadaptation option you have selected.
1. Based on the Climate Proofing results, do you need tomodify your original CMOP/moSEDP? o Yes Specify
o No Continue with the 2nd question
2. Based on the Climate Proofing results, do you need toinclude additional activities in your original plan?o Yes Specify
o No Your plan is climate proofed!
Climate Proofing Tool 21
5.2 Task 2: Formulate acommune adaptationaction plan
Summarise the ClimateProofing Workshop results asfollows: 1. Table of Adaptation Needs
resulting from step 12. The selected and prioritised
adaption options resultingfrom step 2
3. Fill in this action plan tablebased on the results of step3/task 1:
5.3 Task 3: Implement and monitor the adaptationaction plan
This is to be done once the commune adaptation plan isapproved. The plan must list what will be done and the exactsteps that need to be taken. This constitutes an importantannex for CMOP/moSEDP.
Based on the approved plans, the respective institutions needto develop and announce the commune adaptation actionplan and assign specific tasks to individuals and relevant staffto ensure that the activities are implemented as outlined inthe approved adaptation action plan.
During the implementation process, it is necessary tocontinuously monitor and evaluate strengths and difficulties,as well as to propose solutions or make recommendations forsolutions to the executing agencies.
No Whatis to bedone?
123
Who isresponsible?
How does theimplementationwork?
Who are thebeneficiaries?
Estimatedbudget?
When?
22 Manual
Clim
ate
Tre
nd
Hig
her
tem
pera
ture
,heat w
ave
s&
ext
rem
eheat
Bio
-Phys
ical
Impact
Slo
w g
row
th
Cro
p d
eath
(R
ice t
ole
rance
of
38°C
)
Inci
dence
of
pest
s
Soci
o-e
conom
ic I
mpact
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
o lo
we
ryi
eld
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
olo
wer/
loss
of
yield
, hence
ris
k o
ffa
lling b
ack
into
pove
rty
Hig
her
pro
duct
ion c
ost
(e
.g.
inse
ct r
epelle
nts
)
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
o lo
we
r o
rlo
ss o
f yi
eld
In th
e y
ea
ra
he
ad
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e
= M
ed
ium
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= H
igh
ris
k
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e
= M
ed
ium
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= H
igh
ris
k
Ad
ap
tatio
n O
ptio
ns
•S
ele
ct h
ea
t a
nd
dro
ug
ht-
resi
stant
varie
ties
•D
ive
rsify
cro
ps
•S
ele
ct h
ea
t a
nd
dro
ug
ht-
resi
stant
varie
ties
•D
ive
rsify
cro
ps
•In
tro
du
ce e
arly
he
at-
wa
vew
arn
ing
s in
th
e w
ea
the
r fo
reca
st
•E
sta
blis
h p
est
ma
na
ge
me
nt
pla
ns
•E
sta
blis
h p
est
ma
na
ge
me
nt
pla
ns
Leve
l of R
isk
In th
e n
ext
10
yea
rs
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&
min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
ris
k
Is lik
ely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Hig
h r
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
& m
ino
rd
am
ag
e=
Lo
w r
isk
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Me
diu
m r
isk
6Li
st o
f Ann
exes
6.1
An
nex
1:
Su
pp
ort
Mat
eria
ls –
Tab
le o
f A
dap
tati
on
Nee
ds
– E
xam
ple
s
Exam
ple
1: T
able
of A
dapt
atio
n N
eeds
for R
ice
* P
leas
e no
te th
at th
e se
ctor
sup
port
mat
eria
l has
bee
n de
velo
ped
as a
n ex
ampl
e to
sho
w p
ossi
ble
clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s, le
vel o
f ris
ks a
ndad
apta
tion
optio
ns. T
he ta
ble
only
giv
es e
xam
ples
and
is n
ot c
ompl
ete.
Eac
h co
mm
une
has
its s
peci
fic e
colo
gica
l and
soc
io-e
cono
mic
con
ditio
ns.
Ther
efor
e, th
e bi
o-ph
ysic
al a
nd s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic im
pact
s of
clim
ate
trend
s, a
nd th
e le
vel o
f ris
k as
wel
l as
adap
tatio
n op
tions
esp
ecia
lly, v
ary
and
have
to b
e re
view
ed b
y ea
ch c
omm
une.
Als
o, th
e te
mpl
ate
does
not
cov
er a
ll im
pact
s an
d ad
apta
tion
optio
ns; a
dditi
onal
impa
cts
and
adap
tatio
n op
tions
can
be
iden
tifie
d fo
r eac
h co
mm
une.
Climate Proofing Tool 23
More
sto
rms
Sea le
vel
rise
& (
dry
seaso
n)
salin
e w
ate
rin
trusi
on
Longer
dry
seaso
n &
incr
easi
ng
dro
ught
Cro
p a
nd f
ield
dam
age
Less
fre
sh w
ate
rava
ilable
Perm
anent
inunda
tion le
adin
gto
loss
of
land
Less
fre
sh w
ate
rava
ilable
, e.g
. due
to s
alin
e w
ate
rin
trusi
on
Cro
p d
eath
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
o lo
we
ryi
eld
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
o lo
ss o
fyi
eld
hence
ris
k of
falli
ng b
ack
into
pove
rty
Low
er
qualit
y and s
hort
age
of
fresh
wate
r ca
n le
ad t
o h
um
an
and a
nim
al h
ealth
pro
ble
ms
Confli
cts
ove
r re
sourc
es
Mig
ratio
n
Hig
her
pro
duct
ion c
ost
(w
ate
rpum
pin
g)
Late
sow
ing a
nd h
arv
est
ing
ca
nle
ad t
o lo
ss o
f in
com
e d
ue
to
low
er
or
loss
of
yield
Loss
of
inco
me d
ue t
o lo
we
r o
rlo
ss o
f yi
eld
hence
ris
k of fa
llin
gback
into
pove
rty
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= H
igh
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
ris
k
Will
no
th
ap
pe
n=
Lo
w r
isk
Will
no
th
ap
pe
n
= L
ow
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&
min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= H
igh
ris
k
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Hig
h r
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Lo
w r
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Lo
w r
isk
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&
ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= M
ed
ium
ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&
ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= M
ed
ium
ris
k
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
& m
ino
rd
am
ag
e=
Lo
w r
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Lo
w r
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Hig
h r
isk
•In
cre
ase
de
pth
s o
f rice
pa
dd
yfie
lds
•E
nfo
rce
loca
l ea
rly
wa
rnin
gsy
ste
m a
nd
dis
ast
er
pre
pa
red
ne
ss
•D
red
ge
ca
na
ls•
Mo
nito
r w
ate
r q
ua
lity
•E
sta
blis
h fa
rmin
g c
oo
pe
rativ
es
tolim
it in
com
e lo
ss
•M
on
itor
wa
ter
qu
alit
y•
Inco
rpo
rate
clim
ate
ch
an
ge
/ se
ale
vel r
ise
sce
na
rio
s in
wa
ter
ma
na
ge
me
nt p
lan
s
•E
nh
an
ce c
oa
sta
l pro
tect
ion
(dyk
es,
ma
ng
rove
s e
tc.)
•In
corp
ora
te p
oss
ible
flo
od
ing
are
as
in d
eve
lop
me
nt p
lan
nin
g
•P
lan
fo
r p
oss
ible
re
loca
tion
an
dm
igra
tion
•In
corp
ora
te c
lima
te c
ha
ng
esc
en
ario
s in
wa
ter
ma
na
ge
me
nt
pla
ns
•In
tro
du
ce fle
xib
le m
ech
an
ism
sin
to w
ate
r m
an
ag
em
en
t to
be
ab
le to
re
act
to
su
dd
en
imp
act
s
•A
dju
st c
rop
pin
g c
ale
nd
ar
•H
arv
est
ra
inw
ate
r
•E
nh
an
ce w
ate
r p
um
ps
•S
ele
ct d
rou
gh
t a
nd
sa
lt-re
sist
ant
varie
ties
•D
ive
rsify
cro
ps
24 Manual
Clim
ate
Tre
nd
Hig
her
tem
pera
ture
,heat w
ave
s&
ext
rem
eheat
Longer
dry
seaso
n &
incr
easi
ng
dro
ught
More
inte
nse
rain
fall
eve
nts
&th
unders
tor
ms
Bio
-Phys
ical
Impact
Affe
ctin
gco
nst
ruct
ion
work
ers
’ health
Cem
ent
qualit
ysu
ffers
, le
adin
g t
ole
ss d
ura
ble
road
surf
ace
Low
er
wate
r le
vels
in r
ive
rs a
nd
canals
Flo
odin
g
Soci
o-E
conom
ic I
mpact
Hig
her
pro
duct
ion c
ost
s
Short
er
road li
fe-t
ime a
nd
hig
her
pro
duct
ion c
ost
s
Wate
rways
less
suita
ble
fo
rtr
ansp
ort
Inte
rruptio
n o
f tr
ansp
ort
lea
din
gto
loss
of
inco
me
Dest
ruct
ion o
f tr
ansp
ort
infr
ast
ruct
ure
leadin
g t
o h
igh
cost
of
repair a
nd m
ain
ten
an
ce
In th
e y
ea
ra
he
ad
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Me
diu
m R
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Hig
h R
isk
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& min
or
da
ma
ge
= L
ow
Ris
k
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&M
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Lo
w R
isk
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
& ma
jor
da
ma
ge
= H
igh
Ris
k
Ad
ap
tatio
n O
ptio
ns
•M
ain
tain
fle
xib
le c
on
stru
ctio
nsc
he
du
le
•U
se fe
asi
ble
co
nst
ruct
ion
ma
teria
ls
•Id
en
tify
alte
rna
tive
me
an
s o
ftr
an
spo
rt
•E
nh
an
ce c
oa
sta
l pro
tect
ion
(dik
es,
ma
ng
rove
s e
tc.)
•E
nfo
rce
loca
l ea
rly
wa
rnin
gsy
ste
m a
nd
dis
ast
er
pre
pa
red
ne
ss
•Id
en
tify
an
d in
corp
ora
te p
oss
ible
floo
din
g a
rea
s in
de
velo
pm
en
tp
lan
nin
g
Leve
l of R
isk
In th
e n
ext
10
yea
rs
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
rd
am
ag
e=
Lo
w R
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
rd
am
ag
e=
Hig
h R
isk
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
r d
am
ag
e=
Lo
w R
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ino
rd
am
ag
e=
Lo
w R
isk
Is li
kely
to
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
rd
am
ag
e=
Hig
h R
isk
Exam
ple
2: T
able
of A
dapt
atio
n N
eeds
for T
rans
port
Climate Proofing Tool 25
Sea le
vel
rise
Perm
anent
inundatio
nP
erm
anent
loss
and d
est
ruct
ion
of
infr
ast
ruct
ure
Will
no
th
ap
pe
n
= L
ow
Ris
k
Co
uld
ha
pp
en
&m
ajo
r d
am
ag
e=
Me
diu
m R
isk
•P
lan
fo
r re
loca
tion
of tr
an
spo
rtin
fra
stru
ctu
re
•Id
en
tify
an
d in
corp
ora
te p
oss
ible
floo
din
g a
rea
s in
de
velo
pm
en
tp
lan
nin
g•
Mo
nito
r se
a le
vel r
ise
* P
leas
e no
te th
at th
e se
ctor
sup
port
mat
eria
l has
bee
n de
velo
ped
as a
n ex
ampl
e to
sho
w p
ossi
ble
clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s, le
vel o
f ris
ks a
ndad
apta
tion
optio
ns. T
he T
able
onl
y gi
ves
exam
ples
and
is n
ot c
ompl
ete.
Eac
h co
mm
une
has
its s
peci
fic e
colo
gica
l and
soc
io-e
cono
mic
cond
ition
s. T
here
fore
, the
bio
-phy
sica
l and
soc
io-e
cono
mic
impa
cts
of c
limat
e tre
nds,
and
the
leve
l of r
isk
as w
ell a
s ad
apta
tion
optio
nses
peci
ally,
var
y an
d ha
ve to
be
revi
ewed
by
each
com
mun
e. A
lso,
the
tem
plat
e do
es n
ot c
over
all
impa
cts
and
adap
tatio
n op
tions
; add
ition
alim
pact
s an
d ad
apta
tion
optio
ns c
an b
e id
entif
ied
for e
ach
com
mun
e.
26 Manual
In your opinion, what has changed in the local weather and your environment inthe last five years compared to the ten years before (these changes are referredto as ‘climate trends’)? Please mark 1 for each climate trend!
Dry season: o shorter o same as always o longer o don’t knowo other:Please specify
Rainy season: o shorter o same as always o longer o don’t knowo other: Please specify
Temperature: o lower o same as always o higher o don’t knowo other: Please specify
Storm/ strong wind: o less o same as always o more o don’t knowo other:Please specify
Rainfall: o less o same as always o more o don’t knowo other: Please specify
Other: ____ o _______o _______ o ________o _________o
Other: ____ o _______o _______ o ________o _________o
If the following climate trend(s) affect your commune, please check the followingpoints as well:
Flooding: o less o same as always o heavier o don’t know(with fresh water) o other:
Please specify
High tides: o less o same as always o more o don’t knowo other: Please specify
o less o same as always o more o don’t knowo other:Please specify
Drought: o less o same as always o more o don’t knowo other: Please specify
6.2 Annex 2: Table: Identification of changes in local weather andenvironment caused by climate change
(flooding withsalt water)
Saline water intrusion in dry season:
Climate Proofing Tool 27
Climate change trends – scientistspredict that:• Sea level will rise by 1 metre or
possibly even more by the year2100.
• Individual thunderstorms willbecome more intensive withmore extreme rainfall. The rainyseason will become shorter.
• Annual rainfall will decrease.• Temperatures will rise during
both the rainy and the dryseason. The dry season willbecome longer, leading to morewidespread droughts.
• Typhoons and tropical storms willbecome stronger and mightpossibly hit the Mekong Deltamore often.
Further Information Sources:• Dasgupta et al. (Worldbank) (2007): The
Impact of Sea Level Rise on DevelopingCountries: A Comparative Analysis:www.globalcollab.org/vietnam-green-building-council/urban-sustainability-adaptation/climate-change-adaptation/wp4136-the-impact-of-sea-level-rise-on-developing-countries-a-comparative-analysis-english-tieng-viet/WPS4136_VietFinal.doc
• DRAGON Institute, Can ThoUniversity/GTZ Tra Vinh (2010): ClimateChange Impacts in Tra Vinh Province.Vulnerability Assessment and Perceptionsof the Local Population/Stakeholders
Climate change trends – asperceived by locals:People in Tra Vinh say local weatherpatterns are changing. Differentpeople interviewed stress differentaspects of these changes, but allconcurred that over the last fewyears temperatures have been risingand rainfall patterns have changed.The key changes perceived by localsinclude:• Higher temperatures• More storms• Heavier rainfall over a shorter
period of time• More droughts, particularly in the
zone affected by saline water • Shorter rainy season and a
longer dry season• Saline water intrusion in the dry
season still appears to be achange of minor importance (butis starting to become moreimportant)
• MONRE (2009): Climate Change, SeaLevel Rise Scenarios for Vietnam:http://svmt.byethost16.com/books/?p=54
• WWF (2008): Assessing the Implicationsof Climate Change at the Provincial Level:Ca Mau:http://assets.panda.org/downloads/tieng_viet_camau_bia_trong.pdf
6.3 Annex 3: Climate Change Information Leaflet for Tra Vinh ProvinceClimate Change Information for Tra Vinh Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam
28 Manual
Figure: Current climate changes and impacts on Tra Vinh Province: jointresults from the predictions by scientists and perceptions by local people
ImprintThe information used in this factsheet was compiled by the sub-projectClimate Proofing of Local Development Planning in Tra Vinh Province. Thesub-project is supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and is embedded in two projects: PovertyAlleviation in Rural Areas (PARA) and Improving Market Participation of thePoor in Tra Vinh Province (IMPP-TV), which is being implemented incooperation with the Vietnamese Government, GTZ and IFAD. The objectiveof the project is to improve the participation of poor rural people in variousmarkets.
The sub-project is being carried out in cooperation with the DRAGONInstitute of Can Tho University, which conducted a survey on perception ofclimate change (impacts) among local stakeholders in November 2009 anddeveloped climate (change) risk maps and charts for Tra Vinh Province.
Agricultural practices are affected by climate change:Heat, drought, pests and intense rainfall threaten agricultural yields.
Climate Trend Trend
Duration of dry season kDuration of rainy season mTemperature kStorms kAnnual rainfall mExtreme rainfall events kFloods with freshwater gHigh tide (floods with salt water) kSaline water intrusion (dry season) kDroughts hSea level kOther trend: __________________
Climate Proofing Tool 29
Task-Explanation:Level of risk for the year ahead 1) Ask the following questions to ascertain bio-physical impact: (a) Could
the bio-physical impact happen in the course of the next year? or (b) isthe bio-physical impact likely to happen in the course of the next year?
2) Choose one of the two answers.3) Ask the following questions for the respective socio-economic impact:
(a) If the bio-physical impact occurs, would there be a major negativeeconomic damage? or (b) If the bio-physical impact occurs, would therebe minor negative damage resulting from the bio-physical impacts?
4) Choose one of the two answers.5) The level of risk is the field of your two chosen answers.
6.4 Annex 4: Risk Assessment Matrix
30 Manual
Level of Risk for the next 10 years:Same procedure as for the “Level of risk for the year ahead”.Note that the weighting of risks differs because short term losses areconsidered more relevant for local planning than longer term losses.
6.5
An
nex
5:
Mat
rix:
Pri
ori
tisa
tio
n o
f S
elec
ted
Ad
apta
tio
n O
pti
on
s
Climate Proofing Tool 31
Co
mp
ared
to
oth
er o
pti
on
s...
…does
this
optio
n a
dapt better
to C
Cim
pact
s?[1
= n
ot g
ood
… 5
= v
ery
good
]
…is
this
optio
n c
heaper?
[1 =
exp
ensi
ve …
5 =
ver
y ch
eap]
…is
this
optio
n m
ore
sust
ain
able
inpro
tect
ing a
gain
st the C
C im
pact
s?[1
= n
ot s
usta
inab
le …
5 =
ver
ysu
stai
nabl
e]
…is
this
optio
n a
n a
ctiv
ity a
lready
incl
uded
in C
MO
P/ m
oS
ED
P b
ut needs
to b
eadju
sted? H
ow
do
we n
eed to a
dju
st it
?[1
= a
djus
ted
a lo
t … 5
= s
light
ly a
djus
ted]
Tota
l Sco
re
Ran
k
AO
1:
AO
2:
AO
3:
AO
4:
AO
5:
Sco
res
for
sele
cted
Ad
apta
tio
n O
pti
on
s (A
O)
Sco
re e
ach
adapta
tion o
ptio
n a
nd e
ach
quest
ion f
rom
1-5
(1
= n
ot
fulfi
lled;
5 =
tota
lly f
ulfi
lled)
top related