blechblasinstrumente quellen: n. fletcher & t. rossing: the physics of musical instruments, 2 nd...

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Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992 Microsoft & Dorling Kindersley

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Page 1: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Blechblasinstrumente

Quellen:

N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd Edition, Springer 1999

Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992 Microsoft & Dorling Kindersley

Page 2: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Blechblasinstrumente1. zur Einführung

1.1. allgemeiner Aufbau

1.2. Unterschiede Blechbläser Holzbläser

1.3. historische Entwicklung & Familien

2. Bauteile der Blechblasinstrumente und ihr Zusammenspiel _

2.1. grober Überblick

2.2. Lippen & Mundstück

Mundstücke

die Lippen als druckgeregelte Ventile

Lippen-Verhalten bei der Spielfrequenz

Spieltechniken

2.3. Resonatorröhre

an Hörner gekoppelte Mundstücke

Eingangs-Impedanzen am Mundstück

Züge und Ventile

2.4. Mündung

Hornform

Blasdruckabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

Frequenzabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

Richtungsabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

Dämpfer

2.5. Zusammenspiel

Transienten

akkustische Spektren

Page 3: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Aufbau

Page 4: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Alphorn

Page 5: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Didgeridoo

Page 6: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Serpent

Page 7: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Sackbut

Page 8: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Familien:

Page 9: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Lippenschwingung:

Page 10: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992
Page 11: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992
Page 12: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992
Page 13: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992
Page 14: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Klangentstehung:

Page 15: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Mundstücke

Trompete Waldhorn

Page 16: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Lippenmoden

(in, out) = ±

Page 17: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Lippenmoden

(+, -)

longitudinal

(+, +)

transversal

Page 18: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Admittanz Y() der Lippen

(+,+) (+,-)

Im Y

Im Y

Re Y Re Y

Fletcher Rossing S. 411

Page 19: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Realteil der Admittanz Y() der Lippen

(+,+) (+,-)

Re Y

Re Y

Fletcher Rossing S. 412

Page 20: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Cornet

Page 21: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Posaune(Trombone)

Page 22: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Trompete(Trumpet)

Page 23: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Eingangsimpedanzen

kLiH

kLiH

A

cYZ RöhreRöhre tan

tan11

H > 1

Lcn

Röhre n 2)( 12

Z(

)

zylindrisches Rohr Re YRöhre > 0

notwendig: Re YGesamt < 0

-Re YLippe > Re YRöhre

Page 24: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Eingangs-Impedanzen Y() der Bauteile

Z(

)

zylindrisches Rohr Z

()

Z(

)

Mundstück beide montiert

Z(

)

beide

Mundstück

MundstückIn ZRCiLC

LiZRZ

21

C = VKessel/(c²) L = leng/Aeng

ZMundstück = i ZRohr tan ( k lRohr )

Impedanz, die Röhre für Mundstück darstellt

ZRöhre = c/ARohr

charakteristische Impedanz der zylindrischen Röhre

engKessel

eng

lV

Ac 2

0

montiert

Fletcher Rossing S. 436

Page 25: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Tuba

Page 26: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Tuba: Details

Details

Page 27: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Trompete: Details

Page 28: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Posaune: Details

Page 29: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Cornet: Details

Page 30: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Posaune(Trombone)

Page 31: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Trompete(Trumpet)

Page 32: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Verlängerungen durch die Ventile

Page 33: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Hornform: Besselhorn

0xxbr = Öffnungsparameter

x0 x

r

Page 34: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Blasdruckabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

Amplitude der Lippenschwingung: x ~ (pSchwelle – pBlas)

Breite der Lippenöffnung: b ~ (pSchwelle – pBlas)

Strömungsgeschwindigkeit: v ~ pBlas1/2

Volumenfluss: U = b x v

~ pBlas1/2 (pSchwelle – pBlas)²

Leistung: P = RU²

~ pBlas (pSchwelle – pBlas)4

Page 35: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Frequenzabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

2

24

0

22

0

kaZ

kaak

ZR

R = Re Z

k = /c

CutOff

CutOff

constP

.~

~ 2

CutOff-Frequenz: CutOff = 2c/a

Leistung: P = RU²

P ~ R

Page 36: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Transferfunktion T()

T()[ dB ]

CutOff

Fletcher Rossing S. 439

Page 37: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Richtungsabhängigkeit der Abstrahlung

J1 = Bessel-Funktion 1. Ordnung 2

1

sin

sin2

ka

kaJI

rela

tive In

tensi

tät

[ ° ]

Page 38: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Dämpfer: Formen und Spektren

[ Hz ]

rela

tiver

Sch

alld

ruck

Fletcher Rossing S. 455

Page 39: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Trompete: Dämpfer(Mutes)

Page 40: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Waldhorn(French Horn)

Page 41: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Waldhorn: Details

Page 42: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Frequenzspektren I()

[ Hz ]

relativeIntensität [ db ]

Fletcher Rossing S. 454

Page 43: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Mundstück: Druck und Fluss

Kesseldruck

Kesseldruck

[ kPa ]

[ kPa ]

Flussgeschwindigkeit

Flussgeschwindigkeit

[ m/s ]

[ m/s ]

t [ ms ]Fletcher Rossing S. 447

Page 44: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Signalhorn(Bugle)

Page 45: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Muschelhorn

(Conch Trumpet)

Page 46: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Cornett

Page 47: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Dung Chen

Page 48: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Euphonium

Page 49: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Handhorn

Page 50: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Mittelalter-Trompete(Natural Trumpet)

Page 51: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Piccolo-Trompete

Page 52: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Posthorn

Page 53: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Rkang Gling

Page 54: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Shofar

Page 55: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

‘‘Querhorn‘‘(Sideblown Horn)

Page 56: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Sousaphon

Page 57: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Sousaphon: Details

Page 58: Blechblasinstrumente Quellen: N. Fletcher & T. Rossing: The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2 nd Edition, Springer 1999 Musical Instruments, v1.0a, 1992

Ventil-Posaune(Valve Trombone)