1 2
1- Cosmopolites sordidus 2- toppling over of weevil infested plants
Processus itératif dans la conception des systèmes
1) Conventionel
2) Systèmes simples banane + plantes de couverture
3) Jachères ou rotations améliorantes + plantes de
couvertures
4) = 3 + gestion organique
Augmentation de la biodiversité
Pe
rfo
rman
ces
de
s sy
stè
me
s (R
dt,
Mar
ge N
ette
…)
Fallow to clean nematodes from soil
Direct plantation under mulch to avoid soil tillage
(crédit : R. Achard)
(crédit : JM Risède)
Stylosanthes + bananiers à T+2,5m (Petit Canal, Guadeloupe)
Centrosema pascuorum , zones sur pente (Capesterre, Guadeloupe)
Bacterivore
Fongivore
Omnivores
Carnivores
-1
-0,75
-0,5
-0,25
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
-1 -0,75 -0,5 -0,25 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1
F2 (31,6
5 %
)
F1 (67,37 %)
F1 and F2 (99,02 %)
Trophic group
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
50
100
150
200
250number Ind. 100 g-1 dry soil
Bare soil
Neonotonia
Paspalum
Pueraria
Stylosanthes
Spontaneous
AFD analysis based on abundance of trophic group
Root-hair-feeding
PFN
Cover crops were favorable to all trophic group (except PFN) Higher abundance of Ca and Om respectively with legumes and Paspalum cover.
Carnivores & omnivores
BS SC PN NW PP SG
0
100
200
300
400
500
Bare Spontaneous Paspalum eonotonia Pueraria Stylosanthes soil
Nématodes phytoparasites
Sol nu SC PN NW PP SG
0
20
40
60
80
100
Abo
nd
an
ce
(n
. po
ur
100
g d
e r
acin
es)
Regulation?
Abundance Nb. / 100g soil
Abundance Nb. / 100g soil
Bare Spontaneous Paspalum eonotonia Pueraria Stylosanthes soil
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0
5
10
15
20Kg of active ingredient/ ha / year
In Martinique, we have reduced as 70% of pesticides between 1996 and 2010
Nematodes Weevils Leaf spot
Diseases Weeds
Decision
making
tool
Biotest Biotest (trapping) Forecasting
strategy
Cultural
practices
- fallow
- rotation
- vitroplantlet
set of
practices
« Cover » and
associated crops
Biological
Pheromone
trapping
Enthomopathogen
nematodes
biopesticide
mixture
« lixiviado»
Varietal
- Clonal
selection
-New hybrids
New hybrids
Management
Target
How to manage complexity ?
1972
1990
1995
1979
1977
1980
1979 1981
2004
1998
1996
1999
1981
2004
1991
1998
2003
2010
2005
2009
2008
1975
1990
1986
2012
Transfer of the method of Management using forecasting system developed in Guadeloupe and Martinique
Use of the largest range of fungicides, to be used in rotation chosen from resistance of SD strain evaluation
+ mineral oil + new products
Excellence of preparation/realization of treatments
Control of the disease with an optimized number of applications, with strictly selected products, applied in optimal conditions
Biological forecasting
Leaves cutting and optimal management of the plant growth
-Diminution of the inoculum by suppression of foliar necroses - Optimal management of the banana plantation(fertilization, irrigation) to maintain a high Rythme of Foliar Emission to compensate for the loss of foliar surface - Leaf cutting: destruction of the necrosed parts, including after flowering to limit impacts on the green life duration
Impact on leaf surface Impact on yield Impact on green life duration
Alternative to the chemical control of BLSD
Perspectives:
• Evaluation of 4 hybrids CIRAD 916, 918, 920 et 924,
• 918 more sweety (local market ?), 920 more acid (regional market ?), 916 most proach than Cavendish
916
920
918 924 920
Estimated total pesticide quantities used in dessert bananas in some countries, including European Community areas (2006-2007)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Kg
a.i
./H
a/y
ea
r
Herbicides
Insect/nematicides
Others fungicides(mainly systemic)
Fungicides contact
Average annual rainfall
3400 mm
3300 mm
3000 mm
2800 mm
2600 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
250 mm
2500 mm
1100 mm
Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) no
Sigatoka disease
BLSD yellow Sigatoka disease
Resistance to systemic fongicides No major resistance to systemic fongicides
LCA -> contribution to climat change equivalent g CO2 par kg de banane
Average Total: 730 g CO2/kg
10 1%
40 6%
200 27%
100 14%
280 38%
100 14%
Matériel végétal (VP)
Administration
Culture
Conditionnement + port de départ
Transport Europe
Murisserie + Distribution
Main causes: Nitrogen fertilizers and Energie
Thank you for your attention