![Page 1: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
26.08.14
Surface of a ship
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 111.06.2018
Stone Mastic Asphalt- a temperamental Diva from Germany -
![Page 2: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
11.06.2018Based on Masterarbeit Universität Pristhina,
Anite Sadikaj , 2003
The concept of Dr. Zichners Stone Mastic Asphalt
2
![Page 3: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
11.06.2018Based on Zichner, G.; MASTIMAC und MASTIPHALT
bituminöse Gemische für hochwertige Deckschichten.
STRABAG Schriftenreihe 8, Folge 4, 1972
The Concept of Dr. Zichners Mastimac and Mastifalt
3
![Page 4: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
11.06.2018Based on Zichner, G.; MASTIMAC und MASTIPHALT
bituminöse Gemische für hochwertige Deckschichten.
STRABAG Schriftenreihe 8, Folge 4, 1972
The concept of Dr. Zichners Mastimac and Mastifalt
4
![Page 5: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
11.06.2018 Based on TL Asphalt-StB 07
Grading AC 11 DSContinous Gradiation
Grading SMA 11 SGap Gradiation
Continous gradiation vs. gap gradiation
5
![Page 6: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
11.06.2018 Based on TL Asphalt-StB 07 / DAV
adequate ratios of various aggregate fractions
all fractions > 2 mm are used
Adjustment of the proportions to achieve the
desired skeleton
no sharp breaks in gradiation curves
German gradiations are quasi-continous
gradings
Deffinition of an SMA skeleton
6
![Page 7: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
11.06.2018 Based on TL Asphalt-StB 07 / DAV
2/5 mm 5/8 mm 8/11 mm
SMA 8 2,5 parts 4,5 parts NA
SMA 8 S 2 parts 5,5 parts NA
SMA 11 S 1 part 2 parts 4 parts
Continous gradiation vs. gap gradiation
aprox. proportion for mix design
7
![Page 8: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
The arguments for SMA:
1. Skid resistance Aggregate Type / Design of surface texture
2. Eveneess / rutting strong aggregate structure
3. Noise - 2,0 dB (A)
4. Surface durability binder-rich and voidless mortar
5. Visibility reduced reflection and spray
- Inner-city roads (difficult in laying manually)
In Germany SMA is used for:
Roads with heavy running traffic like motorways, industrial roads
Not suitable for: - Small roads (expensive)
8
![Page 9: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
11.06.2018
Mix Composition: Principle SMA
Voids filled w. bitumen:
ca. 75 – 80 %
Voids between Aggregate:
18 – 21 Vol.-%
Void content:
ca.: 3 – 5 Vol. %
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 9
![Page 10: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Differences between SMA and AC
SMA AC
Aggregate Skeleton
What we need: - Grains of suitable size
- Supporting the grains with each other
- Hooking the grains together
10
![Page 11: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
26/08/14
11
![Page 12: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
11.06.2018
Aggregate Skeleton
12 Based on Masterarbeit Universität Pristhina,
Anite Sadikaj , 2003
![Page 13: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
11.06.2018
Aggregate Skeleton
13Based on Masterarbeit Universität Pristhina,
Anite Sadikaj , 2003
![Page 14: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
11.06.2018
Screens are a little
bit stupid !
Requirement:
good shape
screen
Aggregate Skeleton
15 Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
![Page 15: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
26.08.14
Surface of a ship
Skid resistance / PSV
Failure: Polished within a few years !!!!!!!!!!
Lower surface of a chip Upper surface of a chip
Stone Masti Asphalt
German Solutions 1611.06.2018
![Page 16: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
26.08.14
Surface of a ship
Skid resistance / PSV
Stone Masti Asphalt
German Solutions 1711.06.2018
![Page 17: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
11.06.2018
Necessity: Good adhesion between bitumen and aggregates:
By experience:
Aggregates: limestone > basalt > quarzitic porphyr > sandstone/ quarzite
Bitumen: affinity depends on resin - content
Result of rolling bottle test : left side: good adhesion
right side: bad adhesion
18Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
![Page 18: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
11.06.2018
Research : Selection of suitable aggregates
19
![Page 19: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
11.06.2018
Wales PSV = 68Greywackes
Mix Composition: Selection of suitable aggregates
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 20
![Page 20: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
26.08.14
- Shape of aggregates (reducing width of crusher)
- Distribution of sizes (additional fractions/ screens)
- Reducing dust content
Research: Optimizing crushing and screening
for high quality aggregates regarding strength, shape, fractions
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 2111.06.2018
![Page 21: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dr. Rainer Hart
Insufficient separation during screening
Overload of pre-screening2211.06.2018
![Page 22: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Do not overload the primary crusher !
2311.06.2018
![Page 23: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt German –
German Solutions
Mastic:
1. Binding the coarse aggregate skeleton
2. Lubricating the coarse grains during
compaction and enabling a proper aggregate
structure in a compacted surface course
3. Sealing the layer, or filling the voids in the
compacted aggregate structure
4. Withstanding stresses caused by load and
temperature
24
![Page 24: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt German –
German Solutions
Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures:
1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the loss
of surface course stability, rutting, binder bleeding and
fat spots
2. Filler grains bigger than the binder film on aggregates
behaves like a passiv aggregate, forming mastic and
take part in filling up the voids
3. An exess of filler leads to mastic stiffening an the
increase of cracking susceptibility
4. The affinity between filler and binder influences the
durability
5. The appropriate ratios of binder and filler, combined
with their properties, have an influence on an SMA
mixture´s workability an influences the SMA
compaction
25
![Page 25: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt German –
German Solutions
Fly Ashes / Baghouse Filler / Added Filler
1. The use of fly ash is not permitted
2. Difficult to define properties of baghouse fines
3. Only added fillers can be used accurately
26
![Page 26: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt German –
German Solutions
Hydrated Lime
• Reduction of swelling higher moisture resistance
• Higher tensil strength higher durability / resilience
• Delayed aging of bitumen higher durability
• Significant increase in deformation lower ruts
• Added amount 1 – 2.5 %
27
![Page 27: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
26.08.14
Bitumen
In Germany we usually use
polymer modified bitumen like:
PmB 25/55-55
Penetration: 25 - 55 mm/10
Softening Point: ≥ 55 °C
Unmodified Bitumen like 50/70
Penetration: 50 – 70 mm/10
Softening Point: 46 - 54 °c
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 2811.06.2018
![Page 28: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Stabilizers / Fibres
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Fiber Pellets
Loose fibres
Purpose: Avoiding drainage of bitumen out of hot mix
29
![Page 29: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
11.06.2018
High quality mixing plants are needed for SMA
Dosing equipment
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Automatic and Manual
Dosing of Cellulose Fibers at the plant
30
![Page 30: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
11.06.2018
Laboratory
High quality mixing plants are needed for SMA
Usually: Batch plants
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 31
![Page 31: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
11.06.2018
Proper stockpiling and roofing of the aggregates
Reducing Production Risks
Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions 32
![Page 32: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Avoid storing of SMA hot mix for avoiding drainage of bitumen
Reducing Production Risks: Storing
33
![Page 33: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
11.06.2018German Asphalt Association
Stone Mastic Asphalt 2000
SMA Mixing temperature: ≤ 170 ° C (PmB)
Reducing Production Risks:
34
![Page 34: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Use modern steel
drum rollers
Compaction
No tire rollers on SMA !
Requirements:
Degree of compaction: ≥ 98 %
Void content: 2 – 5.5 %-vol
Start compacting dynamicly as soon as possible
35
![Page 35: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Darmstadt
Scuffing
Device (DSD)
36
![Page 36: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Forta-Fi® Fiber
37
![Page 37: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Forta-Fi® Fiber
38
![Page 38: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Forta-Fi® Fiber
39
![Page 39: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
11.06.2018Stone Mastix Asphalt
German Solutions
Hamburg Wheel Tracker
40
![Page 40: Stone Mastic Asphalt...11.06.2018 Stone Mastix Asphalt German –German Solutions Influence of filler on asphalt mixtures: 1. Very fine filler grains result in such problems as the](https://reader030.vdokument.com/reader030/viewer/2022040515/5e704f74e04a772f72478389/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
screed = Bohle
Thank you for listening
Dr. Martin Haberl41