fischer_jea_61_1975b.pdf

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THE JOURNAL OFEgyptian

ArchaeologyVOLUME 61

1 9 7 5

PUBLISHED BY

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY3 DOUGHTY MEWS, LONDON WC1N 2PG

Price to non-members y25ISSN 0307-5133


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THE JOUR NA L OF

Egyptian ArchaeologyV O L U M E 6 1

P U B L I S H E D B Y

TH E EGYPT EXPLOR ATION SOCIETY3 DOUGHTY MEWS, LONDON, W CiN 2 P G

1975


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CONTENTSPAGE

EDITORIAL FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . iQ A SR IBRIM, 1974 J. Martin Plumley . . . 5SOME REMARKS ON THE ORIGINS OF THE TITLES OF THE

ARCHAIC EGYPTIAN KINGS Elise J. Baumgartel . . 28T wo TANTALIZING BIOGRAPHICAL FRAGMENTS OF H IS

TORICAL INTEREST Henry G. Fischer 33E G Y PT I A N ANCHORS . . . . . . . Alessandra Nibbi . . - 3 8SEMNA SOUTH: T HE SOUTHERN FORTRESS . . . Louis V . Zabkar . . . 42READINGS IN THE STORY OF SINUHE AND OTHER EGYPTIAN

TEXTS W . V . Davies . . . 45ONCE MORE HAMMAMAT INSCRIPTION 191 . . . Alan B. Lloyd . . . 54SEAL IMPRESSIONS FROM KAHUN TOW N AND URONARTI

FORT Olga Tufnell . . . . 67PETRIE'S MANUSCRIPT NOTES ON THE KOPTOS FOUNDATION

DEPOSITS OF TUTHMOSIS I I I Barbara Ada ms . . .102THE U SE OF DISC-BEADS IN EGYPTIAN BEAD-COMPOSI

TIONS Kat e Bosse-Griff iths . . 114THE DEDICATORY AND BUILDING TEXTS OF RAMESSES I I IN

LUXOR TEMPLE Mahmud Abd El-R azik . 125T w o WOODEN UR-^EI Ebba Kerrn Lilleso . . 137PAPYRUS MOSCOW 127 (TRANSLATION AND NOTES) . . S. Al lam . . . -147ZUR FRAGE DER VERGOTTLICHUNG DES VEZIRS (PA-)RA-

HOTEP . . . . . . . . . Hartwig Altenmiiller . 154PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVAL SENTENCES . . . . A. M. Bakir . . . .161T w o SERAPEUM STELAE Sami Farag . . . .165PTOLEMAIC FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE IN P. TEBT. 8 . Roger S. Bagnall . . .168PAPYRUS CARLSBERG 67 B: A HEALING-PRAYER FROM THE

F A Y U M . . . . . . . . J. D. Ray . . . .181A MATHEMATICAL EXERCISEP. DEM . HEIDELBERG 663 . Richard A. Parker . . .189SOME COPTIC ETYMOLOGIES H. S. Smi th . . -197A PETITION TO THE PREFECT OF EGYPT AND RELATED

IMPERIAL EDICTS . . . . . . . J. David Thoma s . . .201O N SOME OCCURRENCES OF THE VERB ' T O SEAL' IN COPTIC

AND EGYPTIAN TEXTS . . . . . . Dieter Mueller . . . 222THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN WINTOUR BALDWIN BARNS . S. W . Gruen . . . 227THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AYLWARD MANLEY BLACKMAN . E. P. Uphil l . . . .231THE ROLE OF FIR'AWN IN POPULAR ISLAM . . . A . Fodor . . . . 238A N EIGHTH-CENTURY ARABIC LETTER TO THE KING OF

N U B I A . J. Martin Plumley . . . 241BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS : A feminine example of wd hm-k, 'thy majesty commands' in the Four th

Dynasty, by Henry G. Fischer, p. 246; A further occurrence of ideographic ^ in an Old-Kingdom name, by Henry G. Fischer, p. 247; Fractions in the A bu Sir Papyri, by David P.Silverman, p. 248; T he Office sdnoty bity, by E. P. Uphill, p. 250; 'Idn = 'an ear', by Mordechai


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iv C O N T E N T SG i l u l a , p. 2 5 1 ; Th e L e n g t h of the R e i g n of R a m e s s e s X, by M. L. Bierbrier , p. 2 5 1 ; A n o t h e rD i n n e r - I n v i t a t i o n f r o m O x y r h y n c h u s (P. L o n d . Inv. 3 0 7 8 ) , by T. C. S k e a t , p. 2 5 1 ; A p r o p o s dum o t c o p t e ' S p h r a n s h ' , by E n z o L u c c h e s i , p. 2 5 4 ; The C o p t i c C i r c u m st a n t i a l P r e se n t w i t h anE m p t y ( I m p e r s o n a l ) A c t o r - S u f f i x and A d v e r b i a l F u n c t i o n , by A r i e l S h i s h a - H a l e v y , p. 2 5 6 ;Wn-ktn ' W h e r e are y o u ? ' byR. O. F a u l k n e r , p. 2 5 7 ; Tw o f u r t h e r d e c r e e - c a se s of Stk, byJ. D.B o u r r i a u and J. D. Ray, p. 2 5 7 .

R E V I E W S P A G EB . A D A M S , Ancient Hierakonpolis and Ancient Hierakon-

polis Supplement . . . . . . R e vie w e d b y Joan C r ow footP a y n e . . . . 2 5 9R. J. G I L L I N G S , Mathematics in the time of thePharaohs . . . . . . . . T. G. H. J a m e s . . . 2 6 0

J . V A N D I E R D ' A B B A D I E , Catalogue des objets de toilettegyptiens au Muse du Louvre . . . . A n n e M i l l a r d . . . 2 6 2C . A L D R E D , Akhenaten a nd N efertiti . . . . J u l i a S a m s o n . . . . 2 6 3I . E. S. E D W A R D S , The Treasures of Tutankhamun . J u l i a S a m s o n . . . . 2 6 5J . D. S C H M I D T , Ramesses II, A Chronological Structurefor his Reign . . . . . . . K. A. K i t c h e n . . . 2 6 5F . G O M A A , Chaemwese, Sohn Rameses^ II. und Hoher-priester vo n Memphis . . . . . K. A. K i t c h e n . . . 2 7 0F . G O M A , Die libyschen Frstentmer des Deltas K. A. K i t c h e n . . . 2 7 2A . M. D o N A D O N i R O V E R I , / sarcofagi egizi dalle originialia fine dell' Antico Regno . . . . . E. P. U p h i l l . . . 2 7 3W . A. W A R D , Egypt and the East Mediterranean World2200-1900 B.C. E. P. U p h i l l . . . 2 7 3B . E. J. P E T E R S O N , Zeichnungen au s einer Totenstadt . E. P. U p h i l l . . . 2 7 7

K. A. K I T C H E N , The Third Intermediate Period inEgypt (1100-650 B.C.) E. P. U p h i l l . . . 2 7 7R. G R I E S H A M M E R , Die altgyptischen Sargtexte in derForschung seit 1936 . . . . . . C. H. S. S p a u l l . . . 2 8 3W . K. S I M P S O N , The Terrace of the Great God atAbydos: The Offering Chapels of Dynasties 12 and 13 C. H. S. S p a u l l . . . 2 8 3W . B E R G , Historische Karte des alten gypten . . C H . S. S p a u l l . . . 2 8 4M . K O R O S T O V T S E V , Grammaire du N o-gyptien . . C H . S. S p a u l l . . . 2 8 5V . L. D A V I S , Syntax of the Negative Particles bw an d bnin Late Egyptian . . . . . . C h r i s . E y r e . . . . 2 8 6

J . S P I E G E L , Die Gtter von Abydos . . . . Ka t e B o sse - G r i f R t h s . . 2 9 0D . B. T H O M P S O N , Ptolemaic Oinochoai in Faience:Aspects of the Ruler-Cult . . . . . Ka t e B o sse - G r i f f i t h s . . 2 9 1R . O. F A U L K N E R , The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts.Vol. I, Spells 1-354 J- G wy n G ri f f i ths . . . 2 9 2L . H. L E S K O , The Ancient Egyptian Book of TwoWays . . . . . . . . J. G w y n G r i f f i t h s . . . 2 9 3A . P I A N K O F F , The Wandering of the Soul . . . J. G w y n G r i f f i t h s . . . 2 9 4W . B A R T A , Untersuchungen zumGtterkreis der Neunheit J. G w y n G r i f f i t h s . . . 2 9 4F . AB I T Z , Die religise Bedeutung de r sogenannten Grabruberschchte in den gyptischen Knigsgrbern der18 . bis 20. Dynastie . . . . . . J. G wy n G ri f f i ths . . . 2 9 5


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CONTENTSE . BRUNN ER -TRAU T , Die Alten gypter. Verborgenes PAGE

Leben unter Pharaonen . . . . . J. Gwy n Griffiths . . 2 9 6F. D U N A N D , Le Culte d'Isis dans le bassin oriental de laMditerrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 6W. HORNBOSTEL, Sarapis . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 6G. J. F. K A T ER -S I B BE S , Preliminary Catalogue of Sarapis

Monuments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 6V. T R A N TAM T I N H , Isis Lactans . . . J. Gw yn Griffiths . . 2 9 6M. M ALA I S E , Les Conditions de Pntration et de Diffu

sion des Cultes gyptiens en ItalieInventaire prliminaire des Documents gyptiensdcouverts en Italie . . . . R. E. Witt . . . . 2 9 8

E . K I ES SL ING and H. A. RUPPRECHT ed., Akten des XIII.Internationalen Papyrologenkongresses . . . J. David Thomas . . 2 9 9

M.-}i. IBRAHIM/H 'E)^rjvopcofmK7] LJaiSelav AlyvTTTU) P. J. Parsons . 3 0 1A. BERNARD , Le Paneion d'El-Kanas. Les InscriptionsGrecques . . . . . . . . Alan B. Lloyd . . 3 0 1

C . C. W ALTERS , Monastic Archaeology in Egypt . . Alan B. Lloyd . . . 3 0 3J . W. B. BARNS and E. A. E. REYMOND , Four Martyr

doms from the Pierpont Morgan Coptic Codices . C. Walters . . . . 3 0 5W. H. C. FR END , The Rise of the Monophysite Move

ment . . . . . . . . Sebastian Brock . . . 3 0 6H. SCHFER Principles of Egyptian Art . . . E. P. Uphil l . . . 3 0 7A. VON SALDERN et al. Glser der Antike Sammlung

Erwin Oppenlnder . . . . . . E. P. Uphil l . . 3 0 8Other Books Received C. H. S. Spaull . . 3 0 8

LIST OF PLATESPLATES I -VIII Qasr Ibrm, 1 9 7 4 . . . . . between pp. 8 and 9PLATES IX -X IV Qasr Ibrm, 1 9 7 4 . . . . . between pp. 2 0 and 2 1PLATE XV Titl es of the Archaic Egyptian Kin gs . facing p. 3 0PLATE XV I Tw o Tantaliz ing Biographical Fragment s . facing p. 3 4PLATES XV II -X XI Disc-Beads in Egyptian Bead-Compositions between pp . 1 1 8 and 1 1 9PLATE XXI I Two Wooden Uraei . . . . facing p. 1 3 7PLATE XXII I Two Serapeum Stelae . . . . facing p. 1 6 5PLATE XX IV Ptolemaic Foreign Correspondence in P.

Tebt. 8 facing p. 1 6 9P LATE X X V A Healing-Prayer from the Fay m . . facing p. 1 8 3P LATE XXV I A Mathematical Exercise . . . facing p. 1 9 2PLATE XX VI I A Petitio n to the Prefect of Egypt . . facing p. 2 0 3PLATE XX VI II An Eighth-Century Arabic Letter to the

King of Nubia facing p. 2 4 2PLATE X X I X Tw o Oracular Amuletic Decree Cases . facing p. 2 ^ 8

v


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( 2 4 6 )

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONSA f e m i n i n e e x a m p l e of wd hm*k, ' th y m a j e s t y c o m m a n d s ' in t h e F o u r t h D y n a s t y

A L T H O U G H I had the privilege of looking over the newly published Mastaba of Queen Mersyankh HIwhile it was still in preparation, 1 one port ion of thatpublication is new to me, and I think it deservesa few more word s of com men t. T he most impo rtantitem is a block of relief (fig. i) 2 from the small chapelof the original mastaba, which Reisner plausiblyascribed to Queen Hetepheres II . 3 On p. 3 of thepublicat ion the upperm ost signs are group ed tog etherso as to read [s]mrw m . . . , whi le the remaining s igns ,in front of the figure, are read hmt-t m; Hr. Hmt-t iscertainly correct and it equally certainly means ' thymajesty ' , referring to the queen toward whom thefigure is advancing.

As far as I know, this is the first and only Old-Kingdom occurrence of the feminine form of hm-k\indeed, it seems to be the only occurrence of hm tthat is known prior to Hatshepsut 's use of thisterm in the Eighteenth Dynasty, nearly 1,000 yearslater.4

The signs preceding hmt-t are evidently to beconnected with it as part of the same verticalcolu mn . T h e first sign does no t look at all like mr(j1),5 but may well be f , which sometimes shows theball of cord at the top of the stick, rather than at thecentre, as is more usually the case.6 Examples verysimilar to this one have, in at least two instances,been mistakenly interpreted as f in recent studies. 7The last s ign of the column, al though only part lypreserved, is clearly ^ rather than ^ .I G . 1

1 Dows Dunham and Wil l iam K. Simpson, The Mastaba of Queen Mersyankh III, Boston, 1974. A minorconsequence of that reading is their adoption of the new interpretation of one of the queen's t i t les, as proposedin JE A 60, 94-9, al though a reference to the ar t icle has been inadvertently omitted.2 Drawn f rom the photograph in pi . 13c .3 Another segment of relief (pi. 13a) is also of special interest because it shows a female dwarf (not a male, asstated on p. 3) as in a similar scene in the tomb of Queen Nbt (Zaki Saad, ASAE 40 [1941], 683 and pi . 79);cf. also Petrie, Athribis, pi. 1, and Kaplony, Inschriften der agyptischen Fruhzeit, Supplem ent, p. 33 and pi . 5( A bb . 1067). 4 Cf. Wb. in , 92 and Gardiner , Egn. Gr. 75 .5 T h e sub sti tution of ? for j does occur in a faulty w rit ing of the t i t le smr (Urk. 1, 209 [4]), but this anomalyis purely coincidental .6 T h e ball of cord is near the top in BM 1223 (T . G. H . James, Hieroglyphic Texts, i2, pi. 8 [2]) and is evenhigher , l ike the pre sent exam ple, in Davies, Deir el Gebrdwi, 1, pi . 16; Junk er , Giza, in , pi . 2 ( two examples, one[Footnotes 6 and 7 continued on p. 247"]


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B R I E F C O M M U N I C A T I O N S 247Th us th e inscription in question is probably to be read as wd hmt-t ma . . . , 'thy majesty commandsthe viewing of. . . , ' referring to the presentation of offerings. T he figure who makes this statementis evidently leading an animal, and the signs above him are to be interpreted as an incomplete title :imy-r. . . . A direct address of this kind, directed to the recipient of offerings and referring to the

'viewing' of the presentation, is known from a similar context in two Fifth-Dynasty tombs at Giza,one copied from the o ther: ( ] ^ > ^ ^ 3 ^ 1 k \ ^ H > 'this is to be seen, O beloved. '1 In thepresent case the missing object of mn may similarly b e 'this ', but th e lacuna would admit an alternative of slightly greater length.The use of the term wd is generally confined to the king before the Sixth Dynasty and even atthat late a date it is applied to non-royal persons only secondarily; 2 thus at Deir el-Gebrawi a scribehas the epithet iri wd nb-f, 'who executes the command of his lord,' who is presumably the localnomarch, and two notables of Dendera claim the epithet rs-tp r wdt srw, 'vigilant concerning thatwhich the officials command'.3 As a rule the non-royal equivalent is wd-mdw t* although this too isassociated with the king in the fairly common title imy-r wdwt-mdw nt nswt. Th e entire phrase wdhmt-t is therefore highly exceptional: this is not only the earliest recorded instance of a queen who iscalled 'thy majesty', but is also the first instance of a queen who 'commands'. HENR Y G. FISCHER